Maggid: Until Sleep Overtakes Us—How Long Must We Tell the Story?

Transcript

What? Hagadah. Hagadah is the mitzvah of sippur yetzias Mitzrayim. Look at Shulchan Aruch. Shulchan Aruch says that a person should discuss sippur yetzias Mitzrayim. How much? How much? How much should you have to say? Ad shetachtafenu sheinah, till sleep grabs a hold of him, which means it becomes on him sleep. It overcomes him. Ad shetachtafenu sheinah, till sleep overcomes him. Kachah katuv b'Shulchan Aruch, halachah. The mekor of it is a Rosh in siman lamed gimmel in Arvei Pesach. Ad shetachtafenu sheinah. What does it mean, ad shetachtafenu sheinah, and why is that the shiur? What does it mean? Till overcome by sleep. What does it mean, and why is that the shiur? So the emes is, I first want to explain the words ad shetachtafenu sheinah. It doesn't say ad sheyisradem, till he dozes off, right? Nirdam. Nirdam is a person that dozes off. Tachtafenu sheinah means something else. Either it means that sleep gets the better of him. So, what is tachtafenu? Either the sleep gets the better of him. Or the taiches ad shetachtefenu shina, meaning it's stronger than just dozing off. Takes full hold of him, which means it's a stronger expression of nirdam. Again, I want to have a two-pronged shiur. One is to define the din of tachtefenu shina, and the second thing is to understand what that shiur is. Why is that the shiur? It's a two-issue shiur, a two-issue din in the Shulchan Aruch. What does it mean, literally? And therefore, of course, there'll be nafkaminas l'halacha depending on how we define it, and why. What? And why? What is it, and why is it? So I'm telling you, normally when you want to say falling asleep, you say nirdam, dozing off, yoshein, sleep. Tachtefenu shina is an interesting expression. So I could understand it to mean one of two things. Either tachtefenu means it gets the better of him, which would mean maybe that you have to fight it off, you have to keep on pushing till the shina grabs you, which means you can't stay awake anymore. That would be one taich, not shetachtefenu shina. A second taich of ad shetachtefenu shina could be, a second taich of ad shetachtefenu shina could be. That it's a strong sleep. He was overcome with sleep, not stam he dozed off, which means stronger sleep. One is to fight it off. One is that he should put effort to fight it off, maybe. And the other one is how much sleep. If he just dozes and gets up, or he fell asleep, literally fell asleep. What is tiftena shina? Yes, it is. It's two types of, two issues. The first issue, kumin, is that sleep becomes you; it overpowers you, ad shetiftena shina. Do you have the Pesach one there? Yeah. Could you look up and see how he brings it down? That's what I was looking for. Afterwards, he has the old one, I think, at home, the small one. Now I have this one, but the problem is I don't know the... Afterwards, they moved all the sefarim. I don't know where my sefarim are. After Maggid, start Shulchan Aruch. Huh? After start meal, how are you going to eat if you're going to go to sleep? How are you going to eat? Even after. Even after. Even after, sure, you should keep on talking. How does he bring ad shetiftena shina? Go ahead. Do you understand what I'm talking about? Do you understand, Rav Daniel? Daniel. Do you know what I want?

I want to know, what does tachtefenu mean? Means grabbed a hold of you? Tachtefenu shina, grabbed a hold of you? Ad shetachtefenu shina, it got a hold of you? Or ad shetachtefenu shina means that it's a strong sleep. It's, you were overcome by sleep. Not just those... Which means you fell asleep. Which means it grabbed you completely. Stronger sleep. Tachtefenu shina can mean... So grab... It does grab. Sometimes a person dozes. Dozes, not completely, completely. And then a person can be completely caught, caught in sleep. He's out. Tachtefenu shina can mean out, blank. What do you call that? Lights out. Or tachtefenu shina can mean he has to fight it, and he got the better of it. Okay. Does he speak about it? He just says tachtefenu. Okay. What stronger? Do you have to fight it this stronger, or...? It's not a question of stronger. It's two different things. The first thing is, ad shetachtefenu shina might mean that you have to keep on pushing till it gets the better of you, that you lose the battle, as they say. Or tachtefenu shina means that you've strongly fallen asleep. It's an expression of strong sleep. It doesn't mean that you dozed off. So the truth is, before we answer this question, we have to know why would it be ad shetachtefenu? What kind of halacha is that, ad shetachtefenu shina? Whatever the chiyuv is, that's what it is. What does ad shetachtefenu shina mean? So pashut, you have to say it's ones. And that's what most Acharonim want to say, that the fact that you're sleeping, so what are you going to do? Once you're an ones, there's not much that you can do. So second of all, when a person is sleeping, he's patur mikol mitzvos. So there's two issues. One is that he's an ones. Two is that he's patur. Why am I saying one and two? Because one, ones, okay, so wake up, and now you're not an ones anymore. But if the pshat is you're patur, maybe once you're sleeping, you're patur from waking up to do mitzvos. I'll prove it to you. I once told the yover psak from Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, if a person is cold and he doesn't want to sleep in the sukkah, he has a good eitzah: let him fall asleep, and then let someone take him out once he's sleeping, because a yashen is patur min hamitzvos. Wow. Yashen is patur, so you have no chiyuv to sleep in the sukkah once you're sleeping in the sukkah. However, sleep is the mitzvah. Is mitzvah. Al kol panim. To go to sleep is a mitzvah. The point— Okay, rabosai, this is all for you to argue about at the seder. Get the information down. This is a psak, and we could come and say, hu hadin, that's over here, the halacha of ones. We don't mean ones. You have no choice. What ones do we mean? Ones that what? Sleep on the table. That you're patur. Once you're sleeping, you're patur. Not ones, ones, but patur. The problem is that then it's kol haTorah kulah like this. Why would it only be here? How can we only find this by Pesach Seder, by Maggid? It should be a din in kol haTorah kulah. According to Shlomo Zalman, it's a din in kol haTorah kulah, Sukkah also. We don't find it. Only by maggid. So why is it, if it's only ones, and that's all you mean, ones, then it shouldn't be a sugya, right? It shouldn't be only for Pesach; it should be all year. How come you're making it into a Pesach thing? Okay. What would happen if he wakes up by himself afterwards? You're right, maybe he's not mechuyav to be woken up, huh? What about all year? Any mitzvah is that way. So what do you have to say? Since you found any other place, Shulchan Aruch, you have to do this mitzvah? I don't understand. No other place it says it, and the truth is it's like this everywhere. So why would it be said over here? It's a chiddush here. So this is how it happens. So ones, what do you want? Whatever it says should be a din Shulchan Aruch, but an ones, what do you want? It doesn't have to do this. I mean, I can imagine, a person who חיוב in lulav unless there's an ones. What do you want? What are you trying to tell me? I don't understand. You don't understand that in halacha there's no reason that the halacha should say you're mechuyav in a certain mitzvah till you're an ones. What kind of mitzvah is that? There's no din Shulchan Aruch like that. You're mechuyav till you're an ones, shkoyach. Okay, so give me a siman Shulchan Aruch.

Mitzvos, mama nainus, patur. It goes under the heading of yoshen's patur from mitzvos. What's milsa? Saying how much a person should do it all night, and if גרד you're an אונס, okay, good, so there's hilchos אונס. No, maybe there's a shiur. There are mitzvos that there's no shiur. There's mitzvos that there's no shiur. For example, there's a mitzvah to learn Torah day and night. It doesn't say אשר תשכח תפנו שינה. It doesn't say that. The word עד שתתפנו שינה, it means that it's a shiur in the mitzvah. It's not a pטור אונס from the side. Somehow that this is mashma'os that it's in the mitzvah itself. And I'm telling you there'd be a big nafka mina. You're right. Maybe the taiches, once he's sleeping, he's patur al tzainus. But the moment he would get up—let's say he wakes up—so then again he's mechuyiv, no? So then it's not עד שתתפנו שינה. It's not true. עד שתתפנו שינה, and what happens afterwards? Again? Just say, even now, and if you're sleeping, you're sleeping. What do you want? It's a separate halachah. If you're sleeping, you're sleeping. It's not patur. It's not even עד שתתפנו שינה; it's not true. Mechuyiv to do it. What the chiddush is, you're mechuyiv even when you're sleeping. You know, there's—I showed you once—there's a teshuvos on the side of the Shulchan Aruch who brings down that tzaddikim, they learn in their sleep. A medrash: ויקץ יעקב משנתו, right? ויקץ יעקב משנתו. Mi mishnaso, if I'm is learning. So what does it mean he got up then? How does a person get up from his learning? So some want to say it means he got up physically. ויקץ means he stepped up. He moved his body up. Other rishonim, other mefarshim on the side of the medrash say, no, it means he woke up. Why? Because tzaddikim, when they're sleeping, they're learning, and they get hisgalus in learning. Maybe, maybe it's tzaddikim. Maybe the Reb Gamliel and then the zekeinim that were sitting, they were ישנים כל הלילה. Maybe they were sleeping תחת. How do you know? Maybe they were oiskim. Maybe they talked. Okay, so maybe that's the story. Okay. Obviously that's all not pashut pshat.