Eating Matzah Without the Korban Pesach: Two Distinct Obligations

Transcript

Okay. So, Shmois Yud-Beis, Yud-Chet, pasuk right, pasuk shteit, V'erev toichlu matzos. You're supposed to eat matzah. This has nothing to do with Korban Pesach, an anonymous pasuk for lesson matzah. Eat matzah. L'maaseh, Shmois Yud-Beis-Chet, there it says, when it's discussing Korban Pesach, shivas yamim al matzos u'merorim yochluhu. You're supposed to eat matzah and maror together with the Korban Pesach. Because of this, maror is zmana d'rabbanan, because since the Torah connected it to Korban Pesach, and we don't have a Korban Pesach, so it becomes strictly d'rabbanan, a victim of the Rabbanan, to eat maror bizman hazeh. Matzah, though, still remains d'Oraisa, and the reason, of course, is because there are many pesukim which disconnect matzah from the Korban Pesach. And like we just read one of them, V'erev toichlu matzos has nothing to do with Korban Pesach. If you take a look, there's another mekor, actually, for the chiyuv of eating matzah. In Devarim, tezayin gimmel, it states, Lo sochal alav chametz. You're not allowed to eat chametz. Alav — what's the word alav? Alav on the Korban Pesach. Shivas yamim toichal alav matzos. So actually, the third pasuk, so to speak, which is in Devarim tezayin gimmel, you see does connect it to the Korban Pesach. Alav, not eat chametz, alav; to eat matzah, alav. You look at Gemara Pesachim, daf chof-ches amud beis. The Gemara says, B'zman sheyesh lo b'val teichal chametz, yesh lo b'kum echol matzah. It's a fundamental halacha here. At the time that you have an issur lo sochal chametz, that's the same time that you have a chiyuv of eating matzah, which means, b'zman hazeh that we still have an issur chametz, because issur chametz is independent from the achilas korban Pesach, ממילא there's a chiyuv matzah b', b'zman hazeh. The Sfas Emes, l'choira, we're talking about olav. We're talking about olav the korban Pesach, and we're being doresh the pasuk that b'zman hazeh we have a chiyuv korban, even though we don't have a chiyuv korban, we have a chiyuv matzah. Avrada, Gemara Pesachim chof ches amud beis. B'zman sheyesh lo b'val teichal chametz, chof-ches amud beis. B'zman sheyesh lo b'val teichal chametz, yesh lo b'kum echol matzah. There's another interesting Gemara, which is also doresh another pasuk to tell me that there's a chiyuv matzah b'zman hazeh. The Gemara Kiddushin, daf lamed zayin amud beis, right? There's a pasuk, Shemos yud beis chaf: B'chol moshvoseichem tochlu matzos. In all your boundaries, in all your living quarters, wherever you live, b'chol moshvoseichem tochlu matzos. L'rabos matzos b'zman hazeh, to be marbeh matzos b'zman hazeh, which means, ki'ilu it would have said l'doros. Beisai, I have a shaila for you. If you want to speak about l'doiros, why b'chol moshvoseichem? Wherever you live, it should say is l'doiroseichem. L'doiroseichem. Read the pasuk. Go ahead, read. Ah, beautiful. So here it's the chametz, nothing to do with the karban Pesach. This is not do karban Pesach. In al yichametz, b'chol moshvoseichem, you should go and eat matzah. Zogt the Chazal, in Kiddushin daf lamed zayin, that's referring to l'doiros. L'doiros. I don't understand. If you meant l'doiros, say l'doiros. Don't say b'chol moshvoseichem. So the first pasuk, the Gra tells me whenever there's issur, machmetz, there's chiyuv matzah, that Gra is talking where there's a karban Pesach. Aval, the second pasuk, which is not referring to the karban Pesach, and Chazal also darshen it, that what? Even bizman hazeh. There the Gemara says what? There the Gemara speaks about b'chol moshvoseichem, which has nothing to do with karban Pesach. Why say b'chol moshvoseichem? It should have said l'doiros. Future b'chol moshvoseichem is not meduyak in the pasuk. And bichlal, what are you telling me pesukim to tell you the same thing?

All daf l'zog, you see, in yeshiva say over everything a few times. Nothing wrong. Nothing wrong with it. But the Torah doesn't have to write, say over. Torah says it once, and that's it. You're maskim? You're not maskim. Torah says, right, Torah doesn't have to. Feel small. I want to show you a peledike Tosafos. Peledike Tosafos. Tosafos, Kiddushin daf lamed zayin, writes that there's a tzorech for two pesukim. One to teach me that there's a chiyuv in chutz la'aretz, af bizman Beis HaMikdash kayam, yeah, and the second pasuk is to teach me bizman hazeh she'ein Beis HaMikdash kayam, yeah. It comes out a tremendous diyuk, yeah. One is to teach me even in the time of the Beis HaMikdash, even in bizman Beis HaMikdash, chutz la'aretz, and the other one is to teach me bizman hazeh she'ein Beis HaMikdash kayam. I saw the ... No, obviously not. I just saw the Maram Chalavah, ... in Pesachim chaf-ches amud beis, that he doesn't have the drash l'rabos chutz la'aretz. It's l'rabos chutz liYerushalayim. Tosafos says one is l'rabos chutz la'aretz. The Maram Chalavah says l'rabos chutz liYerushalayim, chaf-ches amud beis in Pesachim. To be marbeh that even in chutz la'aretz, not stam chutz la'aretz. Chutz liYerushalayim is already chutz la'aretz. Don't speak to Yerushalmi, they'll say, Oh, charaya. Eretz Yerushalayim, chutz la'aretz. Say, nisht azoi. That ain't so proper. What do you need a limud chutz la'aretz is mandei tamikdash kayam? And what do you need a limud chutz l'Yerushalayim is mandei tamikdash kayam? Grada, b'chol moshvoseichem is mashma what? Where is the limud? B'chol moshvoseichem, even not in Eretz Yisrael, b'chol moshvoseichem, wherever you are. It is. And in that midrash, even bizman hazeh. So could be the drash actually factored b'chol moshvoseichem. But you see, it's not תלוי in the korban Pesach. That's what you see. B'chol moshvoseichem, even chutz la'aretz. And the chiddush is not korban Pesach in the chutz la'aretz; you don't have a korban Pesach. So the drash becomes from that, that l'olam there's a chiyuv matzah. You hear what I'm saying? But we still didn't explain why we need all these limudim. Why would I think chutz la'aretz, bizman Beis HaMikdash, no? Just tell me one drash: l'olam there's a din matzah, nothing to do with korban Pesach, and I know you're mechuyav to eat matzah, you're mechuyav to eat matzah. Say one pasuk which is anonymous: eat matzah, nothing to do with korban Pesach, and then we know everything included. We'll know Eretz Yisrael, chutz l'Yerushalayim, we'll know chutz la'aretz, where there's no korban Pesach bizman sheyesh korban Pesach, and we'll know avadah l'doros also. Beis, let me tell you what I think the pshat is, and let me first read you on the Chilukim. Could you imagine if the Mechilta tells you there's no chiyuv to eat matzah bizman hazeh, would you imagine this needs a Mechilta? You would say it's impossible. The Rambam brings down such a Mechilta. I'll read it to you. The lashon Mechilta: mitzvah nun vav. The lashon Mechilta: Tli eish, u'matzos al merorim. Magid ha'kasuv shemitzvas haPesach tli, matzah u'maror. The mitzvah is haPesach, tli, matzah u'maror. What does the Mechilta want? What the Mechilta is trying to say is that that's a cheftza in the kiyum hamitzvah, which means there's not just, k'rada, you're supposed to eat matzah together with Korban Pesach. It is Korban Pesach. You know what Korban Pesach is? Korban Pesach is matzah u'maror. It's a meal of Pesach, matzah, and maror. The lashon Mechilta: Tli eish, u'matzos al merorim. Now, it doesn't say—what's the diuk in the Mechilta? I got to feel the diuk in the Mechilta is pashut. It doesn't say, Tli eish al matzos v'al merorim. What does it say? Tli eish u'matzos al merorim. If you wanted to say that you're supposed to eat, the main thing is the Korban Pesach, and, and, and, and, it should say what?

And al matzos and al maror. Why is the maror the and? It's mashma, trei eish u'matzos al maror. What, the maror is the bottom, it's a sandwich, and the matzah is in the middle. I mean, what's, right? It's both sandwich. So it should have said, trei eish, al and al. And the answer is, you see that this is not stam and and and. It is, it is. Trei eish u'matzos, karpas, pesach and matzah. Shemitzvos haPesach, matzah u'maror. It's one package: trei matzah u'maror. Now pay close attention, rabosai. ... with karpas and Pesach, or it's matzah part of karpas? Tell me something. You ever have a shaila of breaded, breaded, what do they call that, schnitzel? What's the breaded part, right? ... The matzah is what? On, or the matzah is like a breaded, like a breaded with matzah. It's like one big schnitzel, karpas with matzah. That's karpas. Karpas is matzah u'maror. Okay, kloimar, shehamitzvah hi kibutz eilu. You see how the Rambam explains it? The mitzvah is not and and and, but it's the kibutz. ... Also says something interesting there, and the question is, how is this connected? We'll soon see. Menayin atah omer she'im ein lahem matzah maror, they yotzei ידי חובתם בפסח? How do I know that if they don't have matzah and maror, they're yotzei ידי חובתם בפסח? Talmud lomar, lo yochluhu. Kelomar, ha-basar levad. If you don't have matzah and maror, what are you going to do? Come Pesach anyway. Yachol, k'sheim she'im ein lahem matzah maror, they yotzei ידי חובתם בפסח, kach, im ein lahem Pesach, yotzi ידי חובתם matzah maror? Maybe at least yotzei with matzah maror. If you don't have Pesach, maybe you can be yotzei with the matzah maror. And the ha'inu d'lomnisis, this is a chelek of the korban Pesach. Maybe at least I have korban Pesach through that, right? That's the lomdus. This is korban Pesach, so maybe if I have this, I have korban Pesach. הרי אתה דן. ... Im lomata she'im אין להם matzah maror, they yotzei ידי חובתם בפסח, kach im אין להם פסח, yotzei ידי חובתם matzah maror? Talmud lomar, lo yochluhu. Hu. There's a special limud that for the ikur is the meat; without the meat, it's not. Okay. That's not what it says. It says that you mekayem the mitzvah. Let's say you don't have matzah maror. Could you at least be mekayem the mitzvah? The answer is yes. Now the shaila is the other way around. Could I be yotzei for korban Pesach with at least matzah maror? The answer is no, yochluhu. Correct. So the question is, korban Pesach. So the question is, what happens if you don't have it? This is you can have the box rollup. But what about the other way around? What happens if I have the matzah, not the karpas, huh? Yochluhu. V'sham amru, yochluhu. Mikan amru chachamim, haPesach ne'echal achilas sova, v'ein matzah u'maror ne'echalin achilas sova. HaPesach ne'echal achilas sova, v'ein matzah u'maror ne'echalin achilas sova. So what's the lashon over here? The lashon is, if they don't have matzah u'maror, heyotzi dei chovasam b'Pesach. Maybe you could be yotzei with korban Pesach. The answer is no. Yochluhu, that you need the korban Pesach. This is the fixed version. Bring me the other. This is the fixed one, the fixed edition. Bring me the regular. Yachol elam... you see here. You see? Sham amru, matzah u'maror, yotzei dei chovaso b'Pesach. You see here?

That lamed aleph is the confusion, you see? That's the ... They fixed it here. Okay. Let me tell you the other girsa. The other girsa is like this: Yachol ein lahem Pesach lo yatzu ידי חובתם במצה ומרור. Maybe they're not yotzei their chovah matzah u'maror. Harei atah dan: hayova Pesach mitkaseh u'matzah u'maror mitzvos aseh, u'lemadת she'ein lahem matzah u'maror yotzin b'Pesach. Kach ein lahem Pesach yotzu b'matzah u'maror. You are yotzei b'matzah u'maror. You hear? In other words, the question is how you gores. Are you gores loi and the maskanah is yes, or you gores not and the maskanah is yes? Yeah? That becomes the shaylah. What was the havamina, what was the maskanah? Says the Brisker Rav, if you have the girsa that the havamina was you're not yotzei, and the kamashma lan is that you're yotzei, fine, because there's a halachah of matzah u'maror b'zman hazeh. If you learn that there's no halachah of matzah — meaning, you're not yotzei, you are yotzei, kamashma lan you're not yotzei — it comes out you're not yotzei matzah b'zman hazeh without the korban Pesach. Says the Brisker Rav. The emes is, I would have said that this is not a raya from the Mechilta, because the Mechilta is not learning legabei matzah. He's learning legabei korban Pesach. The havamina was to be yotzei through the matzah, the korban Pesach. The Brisker Rav says another mahalach, and I'll tell you his mahalach as quickly as I could. Matzah. Okay, what you'll do is like this: you'll take a look at this beautiful, wonderful Mechilta, and you'll see how Shapsi Frankel takes care of a lot of problems. You see this Lamed Aleph over here, this brackets over here? He takes it out. Why? Because it's a maskana. If at the end of the maskana of the mechilta, do we have matzah moror? According to one girsa in the Mechilta, there's no matzah moror b'zman hazeh. I would have said it doesn't mean that there's no matzah moror. What it meant to say was, l'gabei korban Pesach, you're not going to korban Pesach with it. The Brisker Rav says no. Brisker Rav proved that there's two dinim in achilas matzah. There's one din of achilas matzah, mitzvas korban Pesach, and then there's a new chiyuv matzah, mitzvas chiyuv matzah. D'hainu, d'hainu, pay close attention, it's not the pshat that we still left with the chiyuv matzah of korban Pesach. It's not that there was once a chiyuv and that chiyuv falls off because we don't have korban Pesach. Yeah, but l'maaseh, Torah mechadesh that the chiyuv didn't fall off. No, the Torah mechadesh a new halacha of achilas matzah. One chiyuv is with the korban Pesach. There's another chiyuv with the— What? No, you're yotzei one with the other. Which we'll discuss. One kezayis. That's what the Torah— a minik two kezaysim, a minik two kezaysim, right? Halacha, you're halacha min, no? How many kezaysim do we eat? Why? Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh. Do you see clear that it's two different dinim kzayis, not one din of korban Pesach. Tell me, the time of the Beis HaMikdash, how did they eat it? What? That's hiluch, and if it's not hiluch, tell me, did they eat two kezaysim? Like this, the ... the ... kezayis, and then also ... Or maybe you could be yotzei one for two. We'll discuss all this. Obviously, I'm getting very nervous that the oilam is coming down here already. Let me just tell you where I'm getting at. Abeisai, let's go one step further. There's a Gemara. The Gemara says, Shmois yud-beis mem-ches. See the pasuk? Now, based on this pasuk, I want to show you the first pasuk. Or, in aral lo yochal boi. An aral doesn't eat. Says the Gemara in Pesachim, what's the hav amina, aral lo yochal boi? What are we trying to bring out, aral lo yochal boi? It says that an aral doesn't make a korban. What's the chiddush? Aral lo yochal boi, says the Gemara, boi.

Matzah mar he has. He says matzah mar. Says Rav Shach in the sefer, I don't understand. Why do we need special psukim to be mechadesh that there's halacha of eating korban Pesach? I'm sorry, matzah. I mean, so what's the havamina to orlah that doesn't have korban Pesach, doesn't have the matzah? What's pshat in the Gemara? The Gemara comes, speaks about an orlah eating matzah, not eating matzah, if there's halacha to eat b'zman hazeh when there's no korban Pesach, meila, who adin, an orlah has to eat matzah. Why shouldn't orlah not have to eat matzah? So, rather, Rav Shach in his sefer says an interesting yesod, and he says like this: The limud could be that the din of matzah without korban Pesach is different than the din of matzah when there is no korban Pesach. There's one thing, matzah without korban Pesach, and then there's one that there is no korban Pesach. You see the chiluk? There's two chiyuvs. There's one chiyuv matzah without a korban Pesach, and there's one matzah where there is no korban Pesach. So the Gemara's drash is gemar, but the orlah is what? Matzah with korban Pesach, but he's not eating the korban Pesach. That's a special limud. And then there's a limud of matzah without korban Pesach, period. Tell me something, doesn't it sound familiar to you? Doesn't Tosafos bahandle that you need in chutz la'aretz, where there is a korban Pesach, but you're not having korban Pesach? That also needs a limud. That's this yesod. And he says even stronger, and it's a fantastic thing. If you take a look, there's a whole shaila if you can makriv korbanos b'zman hazeh. So the Rambam paskens, in Beis HaBechirah, perek yud-daled, halachah tes-vav, that makrivin af al pi she'ein bayis banui. You can be makriv even though there's no Bayis. So technically, we could be makriv korban Pesach. Just what is it? That we have a problem that we don't know how and what, but the chiyuv is still here. The shaila is, does that chiyuv matzah still apply b'zman hazeh? If the ta'itz is that b'zman hazeh, that there is no korban period, so then there's a new chiyuv matzah. Then there's a shaila where there's korban Pesach and the geder is no korban, then there's a different chiyuv matzah. So the shaila is what's called b'zman hazeh. I once heard from Rav Shmuel Dovid, half a fellow, half a fellow. The Gemara says that b'Erev Pesach matzas, a special limud that there's a din of chiyuv matzah b'zman hazeh. Who said it? Rava said it. You know who's the man d'amar in the Gemara in Avodah Zarah that says that b'zman hazeh there's no hakravah because kitcha l'sha'atah lo kitcha l'asid lavo? It's Rava. It's Rava who held that you can't be makriv b'etzem, so that chiyuv, meaning korban Pesach with matzah, that I don't have the korban Pesach, that completely falls off because we don't have today korban Pesach. And meileh, you need the b'Erev teichel matzos, a special limud, b'Erev teichel matzos. And that's meyashev what he was looking for. There's one chiyuv, a matzah ... Even when there's no, even when there's no korban Pesach, you see, there's one chiyuv when there is a korban Pesach. There's one chiyuv when there's a korban Pesach and you don't have the korban Pesach. And then there's a new chiyuv where you don't even have the korban Pesach. That's bedikas chametz, that's derabbanan. I know I sped through it. Maybe tomorrow we'll go over it a little bit more slower, but this is a beautiful vort, yeah? And then we'll see how it's nogea lahalacha b'zman hazeh. The one matzah, the two matzos, same chiyuv, not the same chiyuv. Okay, sped through it, but b'ezras Hashem tomorrow we'll...