Pesachim 108b: Heseivah at the Seder, Matzah, the Four Cups, and Derech Cheirus

Transcript

Instead of it is this halacha. That's grabdik. Uma, whatever it is, we're going to give it a ... What's the ikar seudah? What do you mean, what's the ikar seudah? We know what the ikar seudah is. ... No, no, no, no, follow. So you're jumping, right? Then comes along Tosafos and says a second teretz. Tosafos is, v'oid, b'yayin heisev tar b'snei kosos rishonim, u'maaseh, you already what? You already meisev b'snei kosos rishonim. ... Why didn't you do it? Why didn't you do it? What does he mean? ... Good, because of the ... I understand. So Tosafos, why do we use this svara of ... over here by the matzah? Because Tosafos is saying a big yesod. Tosafos is saying is, l'maaseh the matzah also needs a seudah. So once the matzah needs a seudah, Tosafos says, you don't have a seudah by matzah, you're not yotzei the mitzvah. And then Tosafos says, v'oid, another cheshbon, that from the pasuk gufa, the din of cheirus, that says in the pasuk how you're supposed to eat a matzah, derech cheirus, that's mechayev a special halacha of a seudah, chutz min the takanas chachamim. That's what Tosafos is saying like this: there's three ways to understand the seudah. Is the seudah a special takanah, that Chazal want you to sit by seudah that night, so that will be the ikar seudah, so Tosafos, l'maaseh, matzah is ikar seudah. V'oid, another chiddush, says Tosafos, l'maaseh there's a special takanah by matzah to eat. So then the pshat is, by arba kosos you have it, so you can say ... but by the matzah you don't have it, you won't be able to say ... And then Tosafos, a third chiddush, because Tosafos is saying is either the pshat is there's a special takanah of the seudah, that's the ikar seudah, or it's a special takanah in the matzah. Why do you need a sefer? What are you going to say? You don't need a sefer; you need a sefer. ... says, Tosafos, third tzad: you're not even ... without that sefer. Not a takanah in the matzah. That's the chiyuv. That's how Chazal ... chiyuv matzah. ... that's how you eat a matzah. The Pri Megadim's pshat. Huh? He's not going like ... How I understand, where Tosafos comes in with the last terutz now. Comes along Tosafos and he says, Where do you need to eat the thing? The first kezayis and the last kezayis. Why? Because if it's דין דאכילת מצה, so you don't have an achilas matzah without that. So it has to be the first kezayis and the last kezayis. ... learned to stam a takanah to eat the seudah, to stam a halachah to eat the seudah with ... There's no such Rambam that gets ... That's a l'chatchilah dika halachah, but not l'kuvah. Avadai you have to eat with a sefer. The minimum. I hold pashut pshat in Tosafos. You want to know something? Anybody who didn't learn the Rishonim like this didn't learn the Rishonim. Pashut pshat in the Rishonim. You're following, no? Now you chap where Tosafos comes from, and he says, ... the first kezayis and the last kezayis. What does Tosafos want? Stam ... telling me chiddush halachah? No. Wants a mechadesh that the Torah tells me to eat a matzah derech cheirus, and if I don't eat the matzah derech cheirus, I wasn't yotzei achilas matzah. ... the first kezayis and the last kezayis both must have a sefer, because it's not called eating a matzah otherwise. But the Rambam ... Who? You know why? Because there's no special takanah to eat stam derech cheirus, stam to eat ... to din in the matzah. So first Tosafos was learning it's a takanah in the matzah. Then Tosafos, no, it's a din in the achilas matzah. There's three levels. Even... You want to know something? Come, Avram, listen to me, because it's gevaldik. It's pashut pshat Rishonim. Again, when the Rishonim say, matzah tzorich haseibah, right? I ask you a kasha: why does the lashon, matzah tzorich haseibah? And you know what the teretz is? Like the tosfos. Matzah mamash needs haseibah, because it's not achilas matzah without it. That's what the lashon of the Gemara is. I ask you a kasha: why do you say matzah? Say you mechuyiv to make a haseibah with the matzah. If you say mechuyiv, it's a separate chiyuv. Where is this? There's no chiyuv haseibah b'shaas matzah. There's a chiyuv matzah haseibah. What? What, what, what, what? I'm saying not like this. Not by chiyuv it's not matzah. So if you would come and say that there's a chiyuv haseibah b'shaas matzah, so this chiyuv is yeseid...

And the smartest way, kachomu b'shas matzah. No, it's matzah tzorech a seivah. It's דין in the matzah. You don't have a chiyuv matzah without a seivah. No, I'm not saying the word tzorech and natzar. I'm saying, why wouldn't you say that chayavim l'hasi b'shas achilas matzah? It's a chiyuv. He's trying to say matzah tzorech. The matzah needs a seivah because then it's not a chiyuv matzah without it. That's the ingredient to the matzah. It's one of the chiyuvim l'achilas matzah. Okay, so why did he say this? So why did he learn from the Gemara that there is a ...? Yeah, according to the ... it separates. So how did he ...? Okay, I'm saying, that's the ... Matzah tzorech a seivah, that's Rishonim's diyuk. But the Rishonim's word that you're takanat yotzei tries to דין in the matzah. That's what the Brisker Rav is saying. There's no matzah without it. It's like you ate crackers. A guy who eats matzah shelo b'seivah, it's like he ate crackers. חסרון באכילת מצה. That's matzah tzorech. Just like, look here, if someone asks you, how do you make matzah? How do you make a matzah? You know what the answer is? You take water and flour, and you bake it, right? And you eat it b'seivah. Otherwise, you didn't have a matzah; you ate crackers. No, no, I understand. I'm playing with you. Not called achilas matzah. It's not achilah. I understand, but I'm playing with you, but that's what I'm saying. It's ikar matzah means this is how you eat a matzah. Matzah tzorech. In order to be מקיים מצות אכילת מצה, you need a seivah. Otherwise, there's no matzah. Not matzah; you're eating crackers. Because the matzah is derech cheirus. The whole ... of the matzah is to eat it derech cheirus. I'll hear speak, but say the matzah is to sit there and remind you of the cheirus. If you didn't eat it b'seivah, it didn't remind you of the cheirus. ... Again, you know what? Let's ... one more time, and then we'll see all the machlokes, how it all fits in, how all the Rishonim fit into this yesod. You ready? Let's start again. Good. Again. What? Sure, sure, please. Matzah tzarich heseibah. Matzah needs heseibah. So the first question you have to ask: what means tzarich? What does the word tzarich mean? It means — very funny lashon — tzarich heseibah. It needs heseibah. What do you mean, needs? Chayavim l'haseib. That's not — why can't it say — that's what I want to tell you. Again. Sugya, says Gemara: matzah tzarich. Why does it say tzarich? Tagid, matzah chayavim l'haseib. You have to be mechuyav heseibah b'shaas achilas matzah. Matzah needs heseibah. You know what the guys are going to come and say? Havalos kois boi peh — it needs a mouth. ... matzah boi tzarich — it needs heseibah. What does it mean? Chayavim l'haseib b'shaas achilas matzah. So then we bring out: what's the next lashon of the Gemara? Maror ein tzarich heseibah. What do you mean, ein tzarich? What does ein tzarich heseibah mean? You're not mechuyav to be — I mean, what was the havah amina? The havah amina was you should be mechuyav to be meisiv. Maror ein tzarich. But what's the lashon of ein tzarich heseibah? He said we'll soon see from the Beis Yosef about maror. Okay, good. Then we come along, and the Gemara has a whole shailah about daled kosos, which cups do need — don't need, says the Gemara. First two cups maybe need, second two cups, says the Gemara, maskana, all four need, because we don't know. We don't know how to pasken. So the first two, they're right; the second two are right; everybody's right, and all four need, says the Gemara. But what was the havah amina in the first two need? Says the Gemara, hava amina, because we spoke about the geulah at the beginning. Later is mai d'hava hava. What does that mean? Mai d'hava hava, ma shehayah, kvar hayah, finished. What does that mean, finished? That means it's four leshonos of geulah; we're drinking four cups for that reason. Mai d'hava hava, what does it mean? Then the Gemara says the second svara: no, no, no, no, no. Cheirus, now is the cheirus. Before we said avadim hayinu. I understand, we said avadim hayinu, but we're in cheirus, so what are we saying? Tell the Gemara, okay. Then I show you a Tosfos. Tosfos, it's a question: why don't we say by matzah mai d'hava hava? Tosfos, three, three. Ika s'vara, ika s'vara.

What do you expect? What chiyuv of a sefer by matzah, because that's the main part of the meal, what are you talking about? What does a meal have to do with a sefer? What is that? Then I come along, I show you a second part, toisfos, l'maaseh, you're not going to have a sefer by matzah. So maybe not. That's a kasha. Mai d'hava hava. And then Tosfos says a third thing. L'maaseh, it says, l'teirah cheirus. So what's the third thing? I mean, the third thing and the second thing is really the same thing, no? Isn't three and two really the same teretz? L'maaseh, you need a sefer. What's—says in the Torah. Then Tosfos says, wait, the meileh, you're not—you're not the kezayis, side by the first one and side by the last one, peshita. You give me information, what does that do to Tosfos? It has nothing to do with Tosfos. It has nothing to do with Tosfos. It has nothing to do with the sugya. Tosfos—you should know, the chiyuv of the first kezayis and the last kezayis. This should make another Tosfos out of it. Yeah, no, I'm saying, since the stira—so we're explaining that. He means to say the matzah, not the eating of matzah. Matzah is the main seudah of the night. No, no, the main seudah of the night is matzah. All matzahs eaten. It's not a stira to the first part. It's not necessarily a stira to the first part, Tosfos, because ikar seudah doesn't have to mean the first kezayis. Ikar seudah can mean matzah in general is the main food of the night. So therefore they were mesaken on the main food of the night, and therefore all matzahs need it. Here's what Tosfos needed for. What's the point? Let's negate to the sugya. Pashut not negate to the sugya. Okay, so I start off like this. First of all, you have to know the Rosh. The Rosh learns the pshat that k'mamash not yotza matzah. A guy didn't eat the seudah, not yotza. Comes from the Pri Megadim, he says not stam you're not yotza, b'diavad, you're not yotza min haTorah either. So everybody asks me, is it comes from what, when? Then I show you Mishnah Berurah paskens that the Pri Chadash says, nu, b'diavad you don't have to have a seibah. Why? Rambam's shita. Rambam is cholek and says you don't have to have a seibah, no likuvah. Says Brisker Rav beautifully. If he learned the din of a seibah is mamash a din in the matzah, by taking the Rambam, l'maaseh, halachah l'maaseh, and he proves this because that's why the Rambam holds the whole meal you eat b'haseibah. That's how I explained to you the pshat in Tosafos. Tosafos begins by saying like this: since it's ikar ha'seudah, Tosafos was learning maybe the takanah is only matzah; it's stam a din in the seudah, so the ikar seudah is going to have to have it. Then Tosafos, אי נמי, maybe no. The second teretz, maybe it's takanah, takanah in matzah. So if it's a takanah in matzah, so you can't come and say, I don't have it, to steer to the takanah. And then Tosafos gives a third pshat: matzah is not stam a takanah. It says in the Torah, derech cheirus. Not a takanah to eat the matzah derech cheirus; it is part of the chiyuv. It means you're not even yotzei d'Oraisa. That's the third pshat, the third nekudah in Tosafos. Second Tosafos is, Tosafos is saying is maybe it's a special takanah by matzah, just like daled kosos, takanah by matzah. Therefore you can't be matir why by the first two, by the cups, don't we say, I don't have haseibah, because l'maaseh you have the takanah on the first two. By taking here, if you don't do it, you won't have a takanah at all. The pshat in Tosafos is not a takanah; that's the mitzvah. The mitzvah is to eat it derech cheirus. How are you going to eat a matzah otherwise? This Tosafos says, מורי, the pshat there, the hemshech is you must have the first two kezaysim, the first and the last kezayis. You know why? Because since it's halachah in achilas matzah. You don't have a chiyuv matzah without it. You don't have a chiyuv matzah without it. That's not called eating a matzah. It's not a separate takanah. The meileh, Tosafos says, mateikin the Rambam. The Rambam learns it's not a din in the matzah. The meileh, afikomen doesn't need it necessarily. Who says afikomen needs it? Come on. Afikomen doesn't need it. With this, I want to explain to you a beautiful vort from the Tur. The Tur in the Beis Yosef, in siman taf ayin hei, has a whole shailah if korech is supposed to have a... korech is supposed to have a... a teva, a whole shailah. Why? What's the safek? On one hand it's a matzah, on the other hand it's a maror, right? Maror, because it doesn't need a matzah. So the shailah should be eaten this way. So Tur brings down two shitos. You know, let's do it inside. Tur brings down one shitah that says you need it, and then he brings down a shitah that you don't need it. And the Beis Yosef says, you should do the same. Come, let's bring the Tur. I'll tell you what's the machlokes. Taf ayin hei.

If you learn ... that when you eat the matzah, you're supposed to what? Korech comes out that when you eat the korech, ... is a takanah to eat b'seivah, because the maror is there also. But if you learn there's no such thing as achilas matzah without a seivah, you have no choice. What are you supposed to do? That's the shailah. Again, if you have korech, right? If you learn the taich is a special takanah that when you eat the matzah, you should make a seivah, so the shailah is korech maybe doesn't have that takanah. It's a din of the seudah. You're right. So when you do korech, you'll do it in the seudah, not in the matzah. But if you learn that b'metzius there's no such thing as achilas matzah without a seivah, so if you want to have a matzah tomorrow, you must have a seivah. Otherwise you're not eating matzah. If you want to eat matzah tomorrow without eating b'seivah, you didn't eat the matzah. You have no choice. What are you supposed to do? You're right, maror doesn't need a seivah, but matzah must have a seivah. Right? No, you want to eat the maror and the matzah, right? If you don't eat it b'seivah, you didn't eat the matzah. Right? What maaseh, you didn't eat b'seiva, you didn't eat matzah. What are you supposed to do? It's gevaldik. The whole partchat Rishonim. The other Rishonim are learning this: rather, takanah is to eat b'seiva. So when you eat it together with maror, there's no choice. So don't make a seiva. Don't make a seiva. The takanah of a seiva is not when you eat—do you know what? Eat the meatballs b'seiva. So eat the soup b'seiva. Not when you could. It's—yeah, it's pshat, right? No. If you ate—he's saying the second pshat. Only when you could, pshat, you can, you eat together with maror. Don't eat. Part of eating a matzah is not—what are you supposed to do? So now that's the second side. Now by maror, the opposite. Yeah. The closest brother. See, today if you had a brother, it's not a good thing. You would hide it. The Tur wasn't. No, you always called. Why do you have to say the second teretz of Tosfos, the one behind the ...? Because Tosfos doesn't have to say that. Because ... Yeah, but Tosfos maybe not. Tosfos wants to say, you know what, maybe you're right. It's not a takanah in the ... it's a takanah in the matzah. But ma'aseh, you would have the takanah, because you can learn it's a takanah also. Say that third teretz of Tosfos. Or maybe it's not even a takanah. Or maybe that's no other way to eat a matzah. Let me tell you something. The pashut pshat is not like the Pri Megadim. Pashut pshat is only takanah. There's a machlokes Rishonim. According to the ... like I said, someone here, Avrom, you said, why can't you learn it's takanah but it's not l'ikuvah? That's the second teretz of Tosfos. That's good. Avrom, gevaldik, that's the second teretz of Tosfos. The first teretz of Tosfos is it does not lose matzah. That's l'chudah. The second teretz says no, it has to do with matzah, but it's a takanah in the matzah. Doesn't mean you're not yotzei if you didn't do it. It's only a takanah in the matzah. No, the third one is mid'Oraisa, it's l'ikuvah. The Pri Megadim, you're not even yotzei. That's right. That's what I'm telling you. Those are the three pshatim of Tosfos. Biskur Rav Rambam. The second one is Pri Megadim, Rosh. And third one is Avrom, that it's a takanah but it's not l'ikuvah. Who says l'ikuvah? It's a takanah. Second one, not l'ikuvah. The third one is ... it's mamash din d'Oraisa. You're not even yotzei if you didn't do it. Biskur Rav and the Rambam. Now. Yeah. I don't know what to do. I don't know. A maaseh, a mar doesn't need a sefer. What are you gonna do? You have to. Why? You have to. There's no other way to eat a matzah. That's what he's trying to say. Of course, open halacha. No? Even the chance to...

The kohen can go against the takanas mor, that's the kasha. So that should be chiluk something. Reb Chiel's safek is, how can I make a takanah to eat mor b'seudah? I don't ... it's a big problem. Al themz of the ... there's no choice, because it's a chelek in achilas matzah. Chazal weren't stam mesaken a seudah. Chazal said you must either have a seudah or you have a matzah. Mainly, even where there's a mor, Chazal were mesaken it. No, because it's in the sevara of how far ... if you make a takanah, so Chazal maybe were not ... what do I do in such a case? Ah, that's it. That's the safek. That's where the safek is. No, that's the second shitah. Ba'alma, because there's no safek, the boya seudah. You have no choice. Why? Because ... what are you going to do? If the taich is that it's a takanah stam to make a seudah, stam matzah, but not when eating the mor, right? So it's a problem. That's ... what do you do now? Comes along the second shitah, you know what? Chazal weren't stam mesaken a seudah. Chazal said either ... matzah. What are you going to do? Eat it with the mor, no problem. There's nothing you can do. And ... there's nothing you can do. The boya seudah. If not like that, that's already a ... Now we have to discuss the other side. If a person ate mor b'seudah, ... If a guy went and ate mor b'seudah, what happens? Did he take ...? Here, here. I didn't bring you down. I'm getting there, I'm getting there. Nu, letzi lashon. Comes along the Beis Yosef and he says, If a guy ate marrow, you hear? Where are we? Ach kasuv, ach, Beis Yosef. You want to know something? I really wish—if I could just write this over. I don't have time. It's beautiful. Here. V'li nir'eh, the pshat of the baal Yosef. Why? Shehilchei kores b'sefer yochich. What do we see? Hilchos kareis b'sefer. Why? ... b'achilas matzah mitzvah kaima, mitzvah chametz b'sefer. Yeah? V'af gav d'marei ein tzarich haseibah, im ratzah le'echol b'haseibah ein בכך כלום. Ein בכך כלום. Lashon Gemara. That's for the Beis Yosef guy. Why say ein tzarich haseibah? Just say, asur le'echol. Just say ein tzarich haseibah. It's enough. It's clear. What are you saying? What are you answering? What are you trying to say? No, right? No. No. It's pashut, because ... matzah ... פירוש ... Why do you say like—maybe there's special דין to eat matzah and maror together, so maybe it just falls off of what it's saying. What falls off? But the question was, who says seibah? Who says b'haseibah? The teretz is because that's a matzah. When you see the word al matzos, it means al matzos and seibah. So I had a kasha like this. V'li nir'eh, you hear? V'li nir'eh, the pshat of the baal Yosef. What's the v'linir? What's the... what's the Beis Yosef's argument? What's the v'linir? He's paskening like the Baal HaMaor. Why? Even Maror. The Baal HaMaor gives, on the side that Maror is not allowed to have. That's the pshat in the Beis Yosef. The Baal HaMaor is, even if Maror is not allowed to have a sevara, still you're mechuyiv to make a sevara, and the Sefardim, because there's no other way to eat the matzah. The v'linir says the Beis Yosef, I hold the kashya from the start in the first place. I don't hold with this whole takanah. You know why? Because this takanah is to eat the maror b'heseibah, so there's no problem anyway. Meaning...

Even if it's only a takanas chachamim, they would have been machmir to do it this way. What do you mean? That's the— that was if the Torah writes על מצות ומרורים יאכלוהו, then meileh Torah meant to eat this way. That's what the Torah was telling you. It's not an issur anymore. The pshat is Chazal understood the pasuk, על מצות ומרורים יאכלוהו, means to eat it this way. Comes along the Beis Yosef's v'li nirah that the safek never even started. You know why? Because even on the side that it's only a takanas sevara, here's matzah, you can eat the maror anyway beseiva. That's pshat in the machlokes, the Beis Yosef and the... I don't understand the pshat. What do you mean v'li nirah? I don't see it. The Beis Yosef is just sevara, v'li nirah, the pasuk, like the... He goes on the safek. He brings the achi Reb... that it's not a safek. Yeah, because of the Baal HaMaor? No, not because of the Baal HaMaor. Because the Baal HaMaor says that the chesron, Baal HaMaor matzah. The Teretz says, I don't hold you have to come on to that. I hold, says the Beis Yosef, it's a regular takanah. I hold it's a regular takanah. Pshat it's a regular takanah, they were mesaken to eat the matzah b'heseibah, right? Are you gonna ask me a kasha then how come, what do you do over here? Because the whole maror is not also to eat b'heseibah. Meileh, I hold, says the Beis Yosef, the kasha never started. Beis Yosef is telling you, I hold the shaylah was never a shaylah in the first place, because there was never an issur to eat the maror b'heseibah anyway. The whole thing is based on the fact that you're not eating the maror b'heseibah. Okay, so then we have to have a Baal HaMaor's teretz; you have no choice, the matzah to eat b'heseibah. It's a separate takanah. Takanah to eat the matzah b'heseibah, but it's a takanah. It's not pshat there's no matzah without heseibah, says the Beis Yosef. He takes the machlokes. If you learn the Beis Yosef properly, you know what the Beis Yosef is saying like this: there's a machlokes, reading, achi Reb Yechiel mistapek. Give the ball, give the ball. Achi Reb Yechiel mistapek, right? And on this says the Baal HaMaor, no, ein l'stapek, because chayavim matzah beseibah. Says the Beis Yosef, li pshita. What does he mean, li pshita? What's pshat on this topic? That vadai you have to have a seibah. So what does he mean? Does he mean to say because I want to pasken like the Baal HaMaor? No. He meant to say, I don't understand the whole beginning. It doesn't even start according to me. Pshat, because the Baal HaMaor, Beis Yosef is saying like this: according to me, I can learn it's a regular takanah to eat the matzah beseibah, and if there would be stirah to that takanah, then we wouldn't have the takanah. But eating the maror is allowed beseibah. You don't even have to come on to the Baal HaMaor. So that's what the Beis Yosef... Because it's not a stirah. If I understand a pshat, then I have to say the stirah of Reb Yechiel and I have to perek on the Baal HaMaor, but I have no choice. Says, li nir'eh pshita, it's never a safek. Why? There's never a stirah. It's a takanah chachamim, regular takanah. I could say, אי בעי מרור, אי בעי... Thanks a lot. According to the Maror, we need a seibah. So then you say like... So why big maror, the answer is tova b'maror? That's a gevaldige kashya. The teretz is to teach me this chiddush: ein tzarich, but you're allowed. So why? Who cares? I never eat the maror without the matzah. What do you mean, you never? When I eat the maror, it's always with the matzah. You mean to ask me going to hill? We don't eat like Hillel. What do you mean? We do. This is the Gemara of Nachtim. Ain tzarich us, not Hillel. We do zecher l'Hillel, but not Hillel. ... ואנחנו נוהגים ... מרור יחד. ... אנחנו ... מרור יחד. ... אנחנו ... מרור ... ... אנחנו ... Yes, I understand. Amazing, amazing. Tais is subject by a daled kayis. What is tais mistapek? Is it like more than a seiva? Is it chiyuv l'chatchila, or is the din b'etzem and I'm not yotzei? With this I understand the mareh mekoros. Why? Everybody asks a kasha: how could you not be yotzei the daled kayis because of a seiva? Yeah? How could you not be yotzei the daled kayis because of a seiva? I mean, heimovu v'heimovu. I mean, how does it start? I mean, who's the mesak? Rabbanan. Who's the mesak, right?

If it's b'etzem, where's the pasuk? I mean, the b'etzem comes from the pasuk, right? That's what I'm saying, right? ... There was sakinit like gula, like matzah. ... I'll tell you what, I'll tell you what, what's Tosfos. He says even though — your kashya bothers me very much — even though you're not yotzei between the third and the fourth cup, you didn't have a third cup. And it's hefsek. You had it. You had it. But you didn't always have a third cup. ... Oh, now I remember. Now I remember. Now I remember the whole part. It's a din in the seudah. That's a chashash of kashrus. Shach wants to ask on the Brisker Rav that learned that the din of the seudah is not a din in the matzah; it's a din in the seudah. So what the ... because according to the — according to the shitas haRambam, according to the shitas, not the Rosh, right, that it's not a din in the matzah; it's a din in the seudah, and then l'chanami, you ate matzah, you taka yotzei b'diavad. So what's Tosfos's kasha? That's the kasha everybody asks. We have to Tosfos ... dollar kaises. I mean, matzi yotzei. What, you have a hav amina by daled koses? So that's why he says that the ... says questions go away. Again. Again, listen again, listen to me. Listen to me. Listen good. You want to know something? It's a very good Tosfos. Tosfos says a ... tzorichin by daled koses, right? What about by matzah? Tosfos not mistapek by matzah, right? I mean, itkishu bein by matzah. The teretz is, matzah is very shayach yotzei if you didn't eat the matzah b'di'eved. So how can there be a hav amina by daled koses? By matzah, if you ate shelo b'di'eved, you're yotzei; on the daled koses you have a safek. Means according to the shitas haRambam, yotzei taka yotzei. With this Tosfos begin. So the teretz you have to say, the Tosafos only works with what? Yeah, but the kasha is if it by matzah's part. So what's the pasuk by daled kosos? What's the pasuk? Where's the pasuk by the daled kosos? So we learned every time it's a takanas chachamim without the pasuk, it's not likuvah. No, but then the pasuk is— that's a pasuk, right? I don't understand. No, רבי, the pasuk is— kos is a kos, but I would still have to redo it with a sefer. It's a din of sefer, yeah? Say good, say גמרא. Where the matzah wasn't eaten b'sefer, that's not called an achilas matzah, because the pasuk tells me derech cheirus, by the daled kosos. It doesn't say it. It doesn't say it. So chachamim מסכים that we want you to have a sefer, so the daled kosos remain a shtei daled kosos. The only thing is maybe you would have to redo it, צריךיין's Tosafos, maybe have to re-drink it, because you notice the lashon was never ינתי יצא. The lashon was, in tzarich lachtor v... And that's why he answers your kasha. So Tosafos, either third cup— the third cup is the third cup. It's not undoing; it's not like you didn't drink. ... daled kosos, שתיתי daled kosos. I have ... takanas chachamim beseiver, let's go back. Notice, does he say tzarich ... or does he say tzarich lachzor v'lishnos? He says lachzor v'lishnos. It's a takanah. So the ... I thought, you drink between three and four. Whatever, ... you have ... you did it. Shatisa. How do we get to this? Because I'm telling you, once you learn this Briskerov, then the ... what's the shakla v'tarya ... then ... What do you mean? Likuv is only a din in the maaseh. ... is only a din in the maaseh because of the pasuk.

And everybody asks. Same thing. ... What do you mean? The whole din of the bris, of the rosh, that you have to reeat the matzis, is only because of the pasuk, ... So what's the safek by ...? The teretz is gevaldik. There shouldn't be a safek. What do you mean, what's the safek? There's no safek. It's a gevaldik, and a ... It was never a safek that you weren't eating ... Ah, by matzah, it's ... I think ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Exactly. That's ... Chiyuv shtiyas kos ... I would love ... You want to know something? That's driving against the previous Briskerov. The Briskerov tells us there's two dinim ... There's shtiyas yayin and there's the din of cheirus. Remember it? Do you know there's halacha l'maaseh? I'll tell you a halacha l'maaseh. Rav Moshe Feinstein held that you can alcoholic grapes the night of Pesach. Why? It's not cheirus. You drink yayin, yotza; you drink cheirus, lo yotza. ... I'm just telling you. ... One of the two, you won't get drunk. If you take seventy percent wine, you won't get drunk. Yeah, the three ... No grapes. Rav Moshe held you're not allowed grapes. Okay, let's move along. You ready? ... How could Tosafos have a shaylah about ... there's no pasuk? All this is based on a pasuk: cheirus, achilah ... You don't have it. It's very poshut. If you read the Tosafos properly and you see what he says, he says you never have to get ... That's by matzah, you might not. It might not be ... because of the pasuk. Here the question is, should you go and drink it again because ... We're going to get there. We're going to get there. The answer is, the question is maybe you have to drink again. ... Not that you want ... And that's why Tosafos ... Cup three, cup four, the question is, ... If you want, like, there was never a cup three. Why? ... three and four, maybe we should worry about that. What do you mean? It's not three; you didn't drink. You wanted to do a seudah, you didn't drink it. And you know what the answer is? You drank it. You ... drank the daled kosos, but you weren't mekayem the mitzvah of the seudah. Maybe kosos, maybe you shouldn't go and drink again. There's no ... for that. Yeah, but that's what he's trying to say: by yayin, it's not the same takanah. ... According to Brisker Rav, it's part of ... The chelek of either seudah or the chelek of the matzah. Those are two different ... depends on the Rosh and the Rama. Now, with this, I want to explain to you. You got it? Yeah. With this question, yeah, but no, that's the answer. No, ... that's not how to pasken. Okay, now, this ... you with me or you lost? Where'd you get ...? ... brings it down. Bizman hazeh, we don't make a seudah. Finished, no more seudah. ... Okay, good. Well, fair go. Like, don't make a seudah, but we should make something that is ... How come the Rambam? It says not only you don't have to make a seudah, you shouldn't make a seudah, because the derech eretz is to sit up. ...

You know, the Rambam brings this down. It's to sit up. Sit up. ... sit up on a chair, where you have a chair. ... All right, all right. ... No, person, person, they sit on the floor, even today. So don't ask me. Wait, this keeps the ... Wait, give me another. Here, give me another. Sure. ... laying down, laying down. ... And a small table. ... The Rav Yaakov is ... I mean, we do it, we do do it. ... on the ... on the floor. Laying down, laying down. Okay, good. ... but in Lemaaseh, nobody eats like that. No one sits in a bush. If you lay on the floor, you sit by a table. ... Lemaaseh, ... Give me another. ... Nobody eats like that. ... Let me tell you, those are not people, those are animals. We want people. That today women, should they make a seudah? Should make a seudah? The whole shaila. He brings down the Ramo, even the nashim chashuvos, that the Gemara says, nashim chashuvos. Next line in the Gemara. Today, kedai hu Rav Yosi, you can be somech on the Rav Yosi, says today there's no, anyway there's no seudah. Anyway, the Rav Yosef is not seiver today. It's chashuvos, Rabbi. What is it? Mishmush says you could. No, of course not. According to Rashi, not yotzei. According to the shitos that you have to be a seivah, you're not yotzei. According to the Rav Yoch, if you did it standing instead of sitting, you're not yotzei. And the Gemara says women, chashuv women make the seudah. Says the Ramo, all women are chashuv. That's what the Ramo says. All, all. Ramo brings down. All women, says the Ramo, tafai. Read the Ramo. Kulam chashuvos. At least according to the Rama. The stam he meant to say, b'daatan, kulam chashuvos. In their own minds, they're all chashuv. But kitzur, what happened? L'maaseh, he says you could be somech. What can you be somech? Rav Yoch. Good. So let me ask you a kashya. Let's explore, explore. What's the taich of a seivah? What's it say? Is the seivah—listen carefully, listen carefully—is the seivah the pshat to show cheirus, or the seivah is to feel cheirus? Feel? Is it to feel? No, no, no. Feel yourself. Hey, you are chashuv. What he does with this Rav Yoch. It's hold? It's hold. Okay. Let's see what you have on your computer over there. Quickly, I think it's kaf-hei. Mr. Buru, give me ... for one minute. Maybe halacha, the one before then. Vav, zayin, ches. Chayav adam lirot et atzmo. Chayav adam lirot et atzmo. Lefikach, right? Lefikach. Kesheha'adam sho'el balayla zeh, right? Lefikach. Get ... there, no? Go ahead. Go ahead, yeah. Okay. Lefikach, no? Lefikach.

The sevara, dam balayla zeh. They say, ta'aseh mitzvah, chayav adam lirot es ki'ilu hu b'atzmo. So what t'chiv of sevara? You should feel Bnei Chorin, or that you should show that there was once a story of Bnei Chorin. What's the nafka mina? Rav Yochanan's words have to do with you now. Free people today don't eat matzah. I then they did it, who cares? What's the difference? We don't talk about then. Chayav adam lirot es atzmo, achshav, mefikach meisiv. Therefore says Rav Yochanan, hayom, free people lo meisiv. Whatever it is, we're free. Whatever you do today as Bnei Chorin, says the Rav, you have to do, because the whole din of heseibah is to show you now Bnei Chorin. What does the other shitah, Shulchan Aruch, hold? The other shitah, Shulchan Aruch, holds that it's just a question of showing that we were Bnei Chorin. When Klal Yisrael left, did they sit k'Bnei Chorin b'derech heseibah? Is it now or is it then? Now is it then. Meila, what's the nafka mina? Nafka mina is very poshut. If you learn that it's a din in the gavra, so therefore the Rambam paskens the whole seudah has to eat b'derech heseibah. But that's to do with matzah. It has nothing to do with the matzah; it has to do with you now. You have to feel you're Bnei Chorin. But if it's in the zecher, when you eat the matzah, zecher, so you have to eat it k'Bnei Chorin. Pashut. The Rambam learned chayav adam lirot es atzmo. Atzmai. Lefikach, chisusoyeid בלילה זה, the whole meal, because it's you. It has nothing to do with the zecher l'Yetzias Mitzrayim. It's you now. You're a Bnei Chorin. Lefichach, chisuso al eizeh mitzhuyeses seיבה, v'chol. כן. ולכן אומר הרבי, היום איך שעושים חירות, כך עושים. בדעת, אפשר איך שהוא מרגיש. מה שאין כן אם זה כדי לזכור. אדם אוכל את המצה כדי לזכור את הגאולה, צריך לאכול את זה איך שאכלו, פירוש, חירות, דרך חירות. עכשיו אנחנו, מה שאנחנו עם בגלל זה? I don't know. ממילא, לפי זה, לפי זה, ההבנה בגמרא, שקלא וטריא. The Gemara wants to know first two cups or the last two cups. If you learned it to דין in what? In the סחירה, because it's a שעת ההגדה. But if you learned it to דין in the גאולה, the last two cups. That's what he says, חירות. The ikar, you, when you eat, כשסועד אדם בלילה, says the last two cups. You know what I'm telling you? Rav Yoel's word is the pshat in the sefer now. And since the חירות is now, like the Rambam says, לפיכך כשסועד אדם בלילה זה, לראות את עצמו, therefore to do סעודה, you may not. Whatever the חירות of today is, that's the halacha of חירות. מה שאין כן, the other shittah learns no. The חירות is... Then we have to be matzki the cheirus then. If you look at the Aruch HaShulchan, so Chashulchan speaks about one of the she'eilos that the child asks his wife, Halayla zeh, kol hamesubin. Is it a din to show simanim, like the matzah, the maror, and the seibah, which we did in the gavra? That's why it's one of the wonderful questions, kol hamesubin. The din of the seibah is one of the simanim of the story of the geulah. So we ask, matzah lamah, maror lamah, heseibah lamah, and the terutzim ... That's the Aruch HaShulchan. It has nothing to do with the she'eilah of the child. It's not me, I have to feel cheirus, I eat the cheirus. Not like the Rambam. Aruch HaShulchan. Yeah?

Arba kosos halalu. Arba kosos. What's the pshat, arba kosos halalu? What's the halalu? Arba kosos. What's arba kosos halalu? What's he referring to? What's he referring to? Halalu. I mean, who's he? Is he going back on somebody else's conversation? And what's the arba... I mean, ner halalu, right? So, ... ner halalu, right? Well, yeah, but what was he speaking about? No, we're talking about a sefer. Where did the words arba kosos come into the conversation that you have to say halalu? We should just call them arba kosos. Megillah. Megillah halalu, Megillah zeh. Megillah nikra, Megillah zeh nikra. Megillah. Arba kosos. What's the arba kosos halalu? Exactly like I just said. Why do you have to say the word halalu for? What's the word halalu for? These is what we're all talking about. We're not talking about... we weren't talking about... Nashim chayavos b'arba kosos. Here. Amar Rav Shmuel Levi, nashim chayavos b'arba kosos halalu. What is hallel? Okay, ... Here, let me ask: when you have the manishtana, manishtana is a she'eilah on the sho'el, right? Oh, we don't talk about the daled kosos. You know why we don't talk about the daled kosos? Why don't we ask the kashya on daled kosos in the manishtana? No. No. Oy vey, come on, what's the pshat teretz from the Rishonim? He doesn't know. He doesn't see it yet. He only drank one. It's pshat, the Rishonim. How's he supposed to know to ask? Just like everything else that's in front of him — matzah, maror, this, this. Arba kosos, what does he know? He doesn't know from arba kosos. So why don't you ask all the questions up here? Yeah. He wants that gadya. The teretz is he's a question about that. He's not ready yet. Finished. The only ... that gadya. Huh? ... What does he mean? You just say arba kosos. ... chayav is b'daled kosos. Finished. The chiyuv ... these daled kosos. I don't know. We might have a teretz. Anyways, arba kosos halalu ... which wouldn't eat you. From table. ... Now, that's the one. Wine is — he drank one cup. It's only four. You say it in the ... Okay. ... Okay. ... Meziga is kos yafeh. It has to be enough to be mazug kos yafeh. You make the cheshbon, I don't know myself, whatever. It has to work out, three parts water, one part... whatever it is. Now, shatan chai, if he drank it raw, yatza. Shatan b'vas achas, yatza. Hishkimem l'vanim l'veiso, also yatza. He gave the drink to the family, he's also yatza. Hishkimem mikol kos v'kos, lo shasan kulan, which means rov kos. Now, is there any connection between all these halachos? Is there any connection between all these halachos? Shatan chai, shatan b'vas achas, and hishkimem l'vanim l'veiso. Is there one yesod? Yeah, everything's fine. Chai has to do with hishkimem l'vanim l'veiso. You never finish. One, two conditions. Yeah, the wine. Maybe the wine. Say a little better. Maybe it has to do with what we spoke yesterday, right? Let's discuss. That's what we said from yesterday, right? Okay. I want to know, is Rabbi Yehuda meshual, is it one halacha? Pashut, if he brings it all down together, מסתמא it's all one halacha. Anyways, Amar Rava says, yedei yayin yatza, yedei cheirus lo yatza.

What's yedei yayin? So we said, what's yedei yayin? What's karei yedei yayin? What does that mean? What's yayin and what's cheres? Are yotzei l'mitzinas? Yotzei l'mitzi... Shmuel is very nice. What is Shmuel? Finish. You're leaving, you're leaving. Yotzei, right? Good. But what's yayin and cheres? Which one of them is a daled kosos? Yayin is daled kosos. I mean, which one is the yedei yayin? Good. Yayin is cheres. What about daled kosos? Halachah l'Moshe... No, actually, Rav... See, comes along the Rabbeinu David. Rabbeinu David learns that yedei yayin means yedei daled kosos. Right? You saw it, right? According to the Ramba... that yedei yayin means daled kosos. So, I gave you the mareh makomos. You looked it up? Good mareh makomos? Thanks. Now, the Rabbeinu David says in the sevara, the Rambam brings it in girsa. He brings it in the girsa. That's the word. It's supposed to say those words. Yedei cheres, but yedei daled kosos... yedei... that's the girsa. Have the girsa clear, okay? So let me ask you a kashya, pashut pshat. Yotzei daled kosos is you're not yotzei cheres. What does that mean? I mean, what does it mean that you're yotzei daled kosos? Regarding the kosot, you drank the cup, huh? You drank four cups. No, no, but one second. Kosot, you did drink four. Nobody's going to take away the fact that you didn't drink four cups. You did drink. So what's yedei cheres? What do you mean, yedei cheres? How could drinking four cups you aren't yotzei? The way you have to drink four cups, you aren't yotzei. Why the four cups you drank? Was I yotzei daled kosos? Yeah. And what drank? You didn't leave. You missed the nekudah. I want to know what the word lo yotza... Yotzei means complete, and lo yatza means not complete. So it goes like this: yedei yayin yatza, yotzei meaning you did it. No, you drained the wine. Huh? You drained the wine. Regarding 30 percent of the mitzvah. When I came to the Rav and I asked, was I yotzei the mitzvah? And the answer is yes. I'll tell you one mitzvah. Answer the question. If I came to a Rav and I said, Rebbe, was I yotzei daled kosos? The answer is according to Rabbeinu David and the Rambam, yes, I was yotzei daled kosos. So then what after that, that I'm not yotzei? When are you yotzei? I don't understand. The word... the writing not yotzei. It needs to be 100 percent of the mitzvah. If you did 20 percent, so you have to stress that you only, you are yotzei 20 percent of the... That's right, but you were not yotzei something, right? That means the other 70, 80 percent you were not yotzei. If someone took a lulav which is not mehudar, was he yotzei the mitzvah of lulav? So he wasn't yotzei something? No, but if you go down in the problem of the mitzvah, why you weren't yotzei? If you're gonna separate in what... That's what I want to get at. One second, yes. If you're gonna separate in what aspect you're yotzei or not yotzei, you can't be aspect. There's no such thing as aspect. This is very—it's one thing. You can't be yotzei. Can you turn on a half a light? Can someone turn on the electricity halfway? Huh? It's possible. You can't be half alive or half dead. Either you're yotzei or not yotzei. No, the light—you could turn it on, yes. Yeah, but why doesn't it turn on? There probably—one wire is not... That's called not turning on the light. That's called not turning on the light. No, but if you're gonna go in the... If you're gonna go into the ... If you're gonna ask the question, what's the reason ...? Everything is good. When it says yatza, you're telling me an atyaisa. That's what you're telling me. I want to know the halacha. But it's not a halacha over here. See, in the mitzri, he did it. The Gemara's telling what's the problem why you're not yotzei. The Gemara is explaining shmuel. You see clearly, right from this Gemara, right off the crack of the bat. Are you saying if you did half mitzvah, that's ...? No, that's not true. You can't say half a mitzvah. It has to be two mitzvot or not. Right. So meila, when it says, Yatza v'lo yatza, you have to say right away what? That's two mitzvot. Who? Hold on. You're saying there's also ... Yes, and then I did it. So then I did it. Then you did it? ... Can I come and say that I halfway hit you, either I hit you or I didn't? What do you mean? Huh? I mean, either I hit you or I didn't hit you. I mean, you can't ...

Yeah, or maybe you could say the, the, the, the, the ... based on two ... See, right away, two things. So let's see. Comes along the Rishonim. How do the Rishonim say? Right? Yotzei yedei yayin, yatza. Says Rashi, what do you mean, yedei yayin, yatza? Sheshas daled kosos. Normally he drank daled kosos. Yedei cheirus lo yatza, keloimar, ein zu mitzvah shleimah. It's not a complete mitzvah. Huh? Rashi: Sheshas daled kosos, yedei cheirus lo yatza, keloimar, ein zu mitzvah shleimah. It's not a complete mitzvah. So what is Rashi learning? What Rashi seems to be learning, that somehow we say half mitzvah, right? That's the lashon of Rashi. No. You can learn Rashi both ways. No, no, no. Try to ... mitzvah. Try, it's not shleimah. I'm saying, but that's the kasha. Mameila, I think that's why the Rashbam and the other Rishonim disagree. Look at the Rashbam. Says the Rashbam, yedei cheirus lo yatza. Oh, sorry, he says also, keloimar, ein zu mitzvah shleimah. But the other Rishonim, like the Ran or the Rashbam, they have to say you didn't do kilchasa, or you didn't do a mitzvah min hamuvchar. But the way Rashi learns it, what's bothering the Rishonim is there can't be such a metzius. How is it? What does Rashi say? Rashi says pasul, say; it's not a mitzvah sheleimah. That you yotzei one part, not yotzei another part. Could you imagine a guy's gonna come and say this: he took a lulav without hadassim. Is he mekayem lulav? No. The lulav is the lulav without hadassim. That's the havamina. And if the mitzvah is two things, there's למעשה a mitzvah to put the hand and the body, and he only did one. You're gonna say he did half a mitzvah? No, you didn't do anything. You're not yotzei anything. It's a mitzvah. You didn't do it. It's not half a mitzvah. No, you didn't. What are you talking about? There's no such thing as a half a mitzvah. People don't understand that. You know what the problem is? In this yeshiva they understand this nekudah. You know why? Because the word—what does the word mitzvah mean? Do what you're told. I did half? You did half? You didn't do what you were told. There's not even—there's nothing to waste time about. It's a pashut thing. Either I did the mitzvah or I didn't do it. There's no halfway. Somebody, if you just put on—if you didn't put on tefillin, you didn't put on tefillin. If I crack my glasses over here, you're gonna come and say I have half glasses? Yes, you're wearing half glasses. All right. You're glasses are based out of— In this yeshiva they understand this. That's what I tell you. It's the bit. Where's the bit? Any mitzvah sheleimah. It's not a complete mitzvah. Come to Rishonim and say chatzi sho? What do you mean, einzu mitzvah sheleimah? I don't see what you mean, einzu mitzvah sheleimah. L'maaseh, either it is a mitzvah or not a mitzvah. So therefore, say the Rishonim, one of two things: either you have to say it was not done kilchasa, or it's not a mitzvah min hamuvchar. So what's the machlokes between mitzvah min hamuvchar and not done kilchasa? Mitzvah min hamuvchar means you did the mitzvah. Both things you did the mitzvah. Say both pshatim in the Rishonim is you did the mitzvah. No, kilchasa means you did it, but you didn't do it in the way you were told to do it. You didn't do it the— I think, one is a hiddur in the mitzvah. One is a hiddur in the mitzvah, and one is a takanah how to do the mitzvah. Rabbeinu David learned it's a takanah on how to do it. The Rambam was learning it's a din in the hiddur. You know what the nafkamina would be? If you learn that cheirus is a din in the takanah, then let's say you couldn't do it. You couldn't do it. Let's say, for example, Rav Moshe holds the grape juice is not called cheirus. According to the Rambam— I say according to Rabbeinu David, according to Rabbeinu David, if the mitzvah is there, it's just there's a hiddur in the mitzvah, okay, I don't have the hiddur. But I think if this is a takanah, how Chazal, kiveyachol, do it, you're lacking in the takanah. You should be yotzei. That's what the nafkamina would be. Yotzei means you're yotzei the mitzvah, but you didn't do it the kahalachah the way Chachamim said you should do it. That's what it means. The mitzvah min haTorah, they said you're yotzei, but Chachamim said—

You didn't do a kilchasah the way we were supposed to do it. Now, you want to know one thing? Who says they like it? Who said? I understand, but the pshat is, the Rabbanan came along and said that the... You didn't do all the gzeiros. That's the pshat. The chiluk between the shitas Rishonim is what? It's very simple. When you read the Rashi, you see clearly the guy wasn't mekayem mitzvah 100%. The problem is— No. No, no, because shleimah means half a mitzvah. Shleimah means not complete. So the problem is, unless you learn like the Brisker, there's two parts to a mitzvah. What does it mean? Shleimah means half a mitzvah. The teretz is that it's not two mitzvos, two mitzvos. You're mekayem one part of the mitzvah. If you learn the pshat is, if you learn it's two separate mitzvos, meaning it's two of the mitzvah of arba kosos, you can come and say shleimah—that's what Rashi is referring to, the shleimah. But if you learn like the other Rishonim that it's one mitzvah, so then the problem is, how can there be a shleimah? Says Rabbeinu David, and says the Rambam two different terutzim. Min David's learning you didn't do kilchasah. It's one mitzvah, but you didn't do it kilchasah. You didn't do it. What? And chanami, what does it mean, lo yatza? Because you have to stick in the words lo yatza kilchasah. Means lo yatza the way you were supposed to. Lo yatza always means the way you're supposed to. What? You weren't yotzei the hiddur. No, it's one mitzvah. What's a hiddur? There's a hiddur on how to do arba kosos, the same way there's a hiddur how to take a lulav. There's a hiddur how to take an arba kosos. Kilchasah means like—kilchasah means you did what you were supposed to do, but you didn't do it the way you were supposed to do it. You achieved the goal. You achieved the goal, but not the way we told you to do it. No. Why is it not good at all? So you see from this Gemara, the Chazal split it up, and they said like this: We want you to have arba kos. And then we told you how to do the arba kos. And the chacham, like a sever, the sever would be a geder on how to do the arba kos. The Chazal said you didn't do it the way we told you to do it. L'maaseh, you did it. L'maaseh, the job was done. According to Rashi, it's missing. It's shalem and chaser. The problem is, how can it be shalem and chaser? There's no such thing. So therefore we have, like the Brisker, this takanah two mitzvos, two separate mitzvos. What? I mean, you could sit in it to Rashi. You could come and say shleimim, because there's two chiyuvim over here. You didn't finish your chiyuv, like there's two chiyuvim, two chiyuvim, and you didn't shleim it. You didn't do the two chiyuvim. Masheikh? Yeah. But there is two. Why are you saying it would be not? Because it's true. The fact is, two questions. The fact is, if a person has yad and rosh, right, and you hold it's one mitzvah, you weren't mekayem the mitzvah. That's what I'm saying. So if you hold it's two mitzvos, fine, but I'm saying if you hold it's all one mitzvah, you're not mekayem the mitzvah by doing half of it. There's no such thing as doing half a mitzvah. A person reads half the Megillah, yotzei? He's not yotzei. I mean, the chiyuv is to read the whole Megillah. That's the mitzvah. Yes, here they didn't do it that way. Here they didn't do it that way. Here the pshat is they said, ... and then there's this. This is a very big problem. You show the Tosfos in Pesachim about it. There's a whole Tosfos in Pesachim about it. You know where it's ... more than ... The person ate on Yom Kippur. Did he break the fast? The Rebbe ... Or every minute you have to be ... Pashut is, in the case of ... ... every second. Shmir Shabbos is every second. Shmir Shabbos doesn't mean the 24 hours. He has to start keeping. Avada, avada, he start keeping. Okay, let's move along. You hear? Yes, yes. You have every minute you keep Shabbos. Here, but the pshat won't say you yotzei half. You can't be yotzei.

But Tosfos, you've got that. ... The losh shayach to... Listen, boykes. The person said, I drank a half a cup. On Shabbos is the same thing. You can't come and say you just tasted chatzi shiur Shabbos. When you talk in reference to the whole, you can't say I have half. There's a chiyuv, now I'm half. It's something else now. All or nothing. He doesn't want to. And he says what it is: a chita lo, chita. You can't go half. You didn't do it. There's no half. When you can't half, okay, now. Yeah. Again, grape juice is a chiddush for Ramoish. I'm just saying, Ramoish says there's a problem with cheirus. So I'm trying to tell you, you have to know what cheirus is. Is cheirus an ikar mitzvah, or cheirus is a mitzvah d'rabbanan, and it all depends on how you discuss these Rishonim. The word cheirus, that forbids us, so to speak, from grape juice, is these words: cheirus lo yatza. The question is, once cheirus lo yatza, to me, does it mean mitzvah d'rabbanan? Does it mean kiyum chaser? Does it mean chaki in the mitzvah? That's Ramoish. That's Ramoish. Ramoish is a teshuva that says, Ramoish holds that if a person drank grape juice, he's not yotzei the cheirus, because it's not a... It's only after— okay, Ramoish is only one word, that something which is not grape juice, something which is not wine, is not cheirus. Period. Now you have to know what's the halacha if a person is cherus. That's the Gemara: Zeh cheirus lo yatza. What is it? Okay, now, the kasha that everybody asks: how come Tosfos has a סברא by a seiva? How come Tosfos has a סברא by a seiva? It's a davar pashut, a sevara. If by the Gemara it says you could be yotzei without cheres, kol shekein what? Kol shekein by a sevara, right? If the Gemara says that by wine, yedei chovas yotza, but yedei cheres lo yatza, so what's pshat over there? Right? What's the shaila? Just from here, yotza. But you need proof. Where's the proof? We're without sevara. The question is, what's the safek? How could there be such a question at all? That's the answer to it. Right, but from our Gemara, after our Gemara, how could there be such a pshat? That's the famous question. The question is, how could there be such a ... against the Gemara? So the teretz you have to say, like we said already, that that Gemara never said that. That Tosafos never said that. That Tosafos never said. Tosafos only said that the pshat is you would have to maybe re-drink it for what? For cheres. You would have to re-drink it for cheres, right? Which would technically be a very nice ... to the Gemara over here: yedei cheres lo yatza, but you have to do it again. Maybe ... yedei cheres lo yatza, and maybe ... you have to drink it again. No, according to Rabbeinu David, he says you don't have to drink arba kosos. Back to the ... how would you drink the ...? I don't understand that you don't have to drink another cup. Who says? ... How would you drink the ...? If you learn ... exactly what I'm pointing out. If you learn, like over there, then ... becomes a new chiddush. Maybe after drink again. How would you have to drink again? Again, four cups, right? Or just drink one full ... If you're yotzei, you did four cups, you're yotzei already, so don't drink four cups now. You're not yotzei the ... so drink differently. ... Maybe. Maybe. And have to drink again. So we'd have to re-drink again. Why? Because ... And we have to be an empty stomach or something, whatever. You cannot make the ... unless he's first drinking. You cannot ... Not that way. He drank the four cups. You have to drink it again, like he says. ... Maybe drink again. The other pshat.

The other perek is a beautiful sugya. Every sugya that way, if you learn it. But get into the beginning of the sugya. If you look in the dvarim, the Rashba comes along and wants to say that eino kanani, that over there the ta'iches, you didn't do it tilchasa. You didn't do like the takanah. The meileh, paisens a safek, right? Ashein kein over here, there's no—you went against the takanah. What's Rebbeinu David? If you learn Rebbeinu David, if you learn kilchasa, that Rebbeinu David just says there's a way how to do it, and that's how I learned Rebbeinu David, so then you can't be mechalek anymore that by the daled kosos, there you didn't do like the takanah. This looks a takanah, but it wasn't kilchasa. What's the teretz? The teretz that he says is that over there there was a takanah how to drink the daled kosos. Ashein kein over here, you didn't go against the takanah. Then it's not Rebbeinu David; you did. Unless you learn it's a minhag. Unless you learn that this is mitzvah min hamuvchar, that's against the takanah. Or you learn it's—then you have a problem, because you just have a mitzvah, so what's the she'eilah to say with it? Taisfos has to learn it's all one mitzvah, obviously. Or al kol panim, like we said, that you machlif for the second mitzvah to go back and do it again. You understand? Again, very poshut. Here, again—shh. Who's with me? Are you guys with me? Very sick. Again, very sick. I showed you from the Rishonim that there's three ways to look at yedei cheirus lo yatza. Either yedei cheirus means the concernly etzem mitzvah, or yedei cheirus the concern a mitzvah min hamuvchar, or it's a concern in kilchasa. The sameish question is, so let's say ... shas blia seiva, what do you do with that toast? Sameish question. So I'm telling you that that toast is not a contradiction to our sugya, because maybe all that toast is saying is eino chanami, yedei kos yatza, but yedei cheirus yatza, and maybe eino chanami, you would have to drink again, special for the cheirus, like we learned ... maybe eino chanami over here too. The only thing is, I mean, the davar says clearly that you don't— no, it says you have to drink again, right? You're finished, which is pashut shot in Rishonim, that's what I'm telling you. You don't see in Rishonim that you have to drink again, okay? So let's say the teretz that the Maharsham wants to say— yeah, there you went against the takanah. The takanah wants to drink his ... seiva, and here you need to go against the takanah. That's only if you learn mitzvah min ha-muvchar. But if you learn ... then it's also chelek of ... you went against the takanah. That's ... by the Rambam, he uses takanah. What? You went against the takanah. He uses the word takanah, ... That's the teretz ... Then you can't say the teretz anymore, that over here you went against the takanah and here you need to go against the takanah, unless you learn mitzvah min ha-muvchar. If you learn his teretz, you have to learn mitzvah min ha-muvchar, then you can say his teretz. The way we learn from the Brisker Rav, that there's two separate mitzvos, right? There's two separate— and that's how I explained to you the ... over there. How do I explain to you ... over there? Is it one mitzvah, and the meileh I'm not yotzei the daled kosos, or it's two separate mitzvos? So meileh everything's meyushav. Why should be one mitzvah? Since one mitzvah, I'm saying, what's the source of this mitzvah? Why it's one mitzvah? The mitzvah is a mitzvah of daled kosos shel cheirus. Just the mitzvah is, it has to be with ... I'm saying, we know it's ... I may know ... So that's what I'm saying, so meileh technically— no, but you have to have ... b'derech cheirus. So they were close to ... I didn't drink that. It's totally all this. So how do you answer Tosfos? It's totally on how you learn these Rishonim over here. If you learn, if you learn shleima, not shleima, right? If you learn shleima, not shleima, yes. So then the pshat is, then you have to go back to the sugya over there, which is a safe, right? I'm going to say a white pshat, because ... It's a very pashut thing. How could the Gemara say, yedei cheres, yedei ... and Tosfos have a she'eilah that you might not be yotzei if you didn't drink b'seivah. The worst thing that you didn't do b'seivah is you didn't do cheirus, that's all. All right, so it's not a she'eilah. Maybe over here ... This should be worse. I'm telling you like this. First of all, the way we learned up the Tosfos, you have to drink. Maybe ... you have to drink. What's the pshat? The only problem is yedei cheres. The Gemara says yedei cheres over here, you're not yotzei. And that would be the lashon lo yatza. Meaning what? I asked you a question: why does it use the lashon lo yatza? Why does it use the lashon lo yatza? Pshat, lo yatza is mashma ...

So I have to do something again. Right. Very nice. What does lo yatza mean? Lo yatza means I wasn't yotzei. It means there is something that I did have to do that I didn't do. So then you have to play around with the pirush of the eved. There's no word like pirush of the eved, yatza, lo yatza. There's no lo yatza by the eved. Lo yatza means I wasn't yotzei something. And unless it says, yedei chovah lo tamasin something else. It should say, when it says lo yatza, lo yatza means what? I did not yotzei something. So then I still have that chiyuv. I still have to do something. That's not a question. Okay. Now, according to this, it comes out an interesting yesod. When Rav and Rabbi Yehuda ben Shmuel, is he being cholek? Is Rav being cholek on Shmuel? When Shmuel comes and says yatza, so Rav comes along and says, yatza, lo yatza. Kasha, a very big kasha. Is he being cholek or not? Right? Pri Megadim. Is Rav being cholek on Shmuel? Pri Megadim is shaylus. Rav being cholek on Shmuel. We have the girsa on the side, the Rif, Rosh, Lesa, Teis, it's Rav. They don't bring it down from Rav, which means what? Rav. Rav was going to say— Say Rav. I'm a Rav. Continue. Say Shmuel vasachas, Shmuel vasachas. No, Rav ami deya yatza, Rav. Again, when Shmuel says yatza— It comes out to be Rav who is doing the— It goes to this Rav and this Rav, right? Yes, the later Rav. Right. So this Rav is arguing with this Rav. I understand, but is this Rav arguing? A Rav arguing on Shmuel. Is Rav arguing on Shmuel? That's what I want to say. The teretz is Rav doesn't argue on Shmuel, right? But—comes the Rif and Rosh, you have to erase Rav. I said Rav is arguing. I'm telling you, because that is—it turns into Rav, and they're both not arguing, right? The Rav wasn't arguing, and Rav is not arguing. All my Rav, is he arguing on Shmuel? Yes or no? Answer the question. Rav argued? No, right? The Gemara is מסתפק, right? People don't know. I told you that Rav can argue on Shmuel and not Rav. So from the fact that Rav changes to Rava on the second one, that means Rava is not arguing. So Rava over here is also not arguing. So it comes to ask you that ... if you only have to drink it again, so how can you come and tell me that he's not arguing on Shmuel? Of course he's arguing on Shmuel. If you learn the ... you're not yotzei, right? If you come and say you're not yotzei and you have to drink it again, so why are you being arguing on Shmuel? But if you learn that you don't have to drink again, and you don't learn like Rashi, the ... is concerning the mitzvah, means there's a new mitzvah of cheirus like the Brisker Rav, and Rav is saying there's a new thing called cheirus. I'm not arguing on Shmuel. That's the pashut pshat. You got it? Yeah. It's a very pashut ... I hope ... So I'm telling you that original shailah. If you learn that there's two separate mitzvos, or ... is a mitzvah ... so then you have a very nice that Rava is not really arguing on Shmuel. Shmuel could be talking about ... he's talking about ... or whatever it is, and Shmuel, and Rava comes to be ... cheirus. But if you learn pashut, and Rashi, that it means ... it's not a mitzvah shleimah, so Rava is arguing on Shmuel, and that's the ... Rava arguing on Shmuel. ... beautiful, right? Because the ... he says that ... You're talking about the ... To the what ... argues on Shmuel. The teretz is like the Brisker. What? So that's what I'm telling you. It's telling you that shaylah. If you only have to go back, then they argue. The teretz is you keep coming, so you don't have to go back. You don't argue anymore. So then I can... You don't have to go back. He says you don't have to go back. He says you don't go back. That's like Tosafos. The teretz is not ...

He doesn't .... ... But ... ... But ... Okay, but he doesn't say you go back on that. I know. Let me tell you like this. Okay, it's Friday today. I don't want to keep you long. You ready? ... Shason chai yotza, shason chai yotza. He drank it raw, yotza. Amar Rava, yedei yayin yotza, yedei cheirus lo yotza. Yotza yayin, but they want yotza cheirus. Says the Rashbam. Says—I'm sorry, says Rashi—what does it mean, yedei yayin yotza? It means yedei arba kosos, sheshasan b'al kosos. Rashbam is cholek, and he says, what does it mean, yedei yayin— oh, he says the second thing, I'm sorry. It says in the Gemara, shason b'vas achas—I'm sorry, shason b'vas achas. Rava, yedei yayin yotza, yedei arba kosos lo yotza. So what's yedei yayin over here? Mishum simchas Yom Tov. He's yotza mishum simchas Yom Tov, because tanya, l'kamon, you have it, v'samachta b'chagecha, b'ma mesamcheihu? B'yayin. So there's a Tosfos over here that says like this. B'vas achas—one second. No, I'm sorry, yedei yayin yotza. You have it? Yedei yayin yotza. Tosfos, yedei yayin yotza, right? It says in the Gemara, yotza yedei yayin. Says the Rashbam, what yayin? Says the Rashbam, simchas Yom Tov, shason b'vas achas. Like yotzei l'mitzvah drinking wine. Especially if you have to drink wine, right? So you drank, so therefore you didn't have arba kosos, but you have wine. At least you drank the wine. Maisi drank the one yayin. Right? Yayin. Comes along Tosfos, and he says like this: Yedei yayin, yotzei; yedei simchas Yom Tov. Says Tosfos, what's the havamina not? You drank. What's the difference? סוף סוף you drank. Says Tosfos, ... lo nafik midi mi-simchas Yom Tov ela ki yashtei arba kosos yayin. Why? ... If you want yotzei arba kosos, now — and l'maaseh, you drink wine. I drank wine. You know, guys are coming to say, I want to be yotzei arba kosos; my wife drank. So ... Bigdei chag, she's not yotzei; she didn't drink arba kosos. ... If you take a look on the sheet, I bring it like this: בגמרא, ידי יין, ... לאפוקי ... במים. ... says ... in brackets, ידי שמחת יום טוב, יוצא. Yotzei the mitzvah simchas Yom Tov. ... And the answer is, I bring it to you in brackets, because ... לא יֵצֵא ... ... And the answer is very simple: ... What's the ...? ... How could you not be yotzei if I drink ...? ... You have to drink wine on Yom Tov, right? So I drank. I drank, but I didn't drink ... Tosfos says, I had ... What's the ...? The special הלכה, במה מסעבך ביין. We gravi could be yotzei Kiddush. Gravi could be yotzei Kiddush. You have to drink wine. Why would Tosafos have a hava amina? The guy didn't drink daled kosos, סלקא דעתך I would have thought he's not yotzei. Why not? He drank the wine. What's the difference? Tosafos, without Tosafos. The truth is, there's a very famous kasha from the Shaagas Aryeh over here, a very famous kasha. Everybody speaks about it. It's on Yom Tov, it's not by night. Simchas Yom Tov is not by night. There's no halacha. It's tomorrow, first day tomorrow. The Gemara says clearly, סמך ח׳. Yeah, the Gemara says...

We learned it from a pasuk. Ach, look, we learned from a pasuk. The Gemara says clearly, ach baYom haRishon. We learned from the pasuk. Here, ayin, look at the Gemara. So that's daf ayin aleph amud aleph. First the Gemara. We learned from a pasuk. Tavik, here, ayin aleph. V'isa ach sameach. You have to be happy. L'rabos leilei Yom Tov Acharon. It comes to be marbeh that the last day is Yom Tov. Yom Tov is the last day. Leilei Yom Tov Acharon l'simcha. Ata omer leilei Yom Tov Acharon, eino, leilei Yom Tov Rishon. Maybe it's a chiyuv the first day, right? Lo, darei trei zimnei, shivas yamim siv. Okay, eino, l'rabos leilei Yom Tov Rishon. So even though there's no korban yet, right, there's no korban. The last day's Yom Tov, you have from the korban; you can eat from the korban before. But the first night of Pesach, there's no korban, right, because the korban of the Yom Tov is the next day. So how do you know that there's a din simcha? On the first night of Yom Tov, you still don't have the korban yet, right? What's the simcha? The simcha is the korban simcha, right? Korban chagigah. Says the Gemara, what about the night before, leilei Yom Tov Rishon? Says the Gemara, tama loimar ach. Ach is a miut. Whenever it says ach, it's a miut. So what's it come to mi'ut? V'hayisa ach sameach. It should be v'hayisa sameach. It should say v'hayisa sameach, says the Gemara. Ach, what does it come to teach me? Leilei Yom Tov Rishon, there's no simcha. Shel shegasai, what are you talking about? Famous kasha, very famous kasha. Gemara says v'hayisa ach sameach. Gemara, what's ach? V'hayisa sameach. Maybe it's coming to include also leilei Yom Tov Rishon. You don't know that, okay? The opposite. You don't have a pasuk for it. Ach sameach, which means the last day's Yom Tov. Leave the nights of after the first day. Include. It has to be happy. It has to be happy. Yom Tov. Every day Yom Tov. No, the Yom Tov, the day, not the night. Says the Gemara, maybe, how do you know the nights of Yom Tov? The answer is, vayitach sameach also, plus. Says the Gemara, how do you know maybe the first night also? Gemara says, no, the first night's ach. Ach chalak, that the first night says the korban is chovah. It's always going to have peshat in the Gemara. The Gemara says there's no mitzvah simchas Yom Tov till the next night. So there's no yedei yayin. The stam Rishonim is making up over the top. It's the Gemara. The Gemara says, say good, say good. Yeah, to what's your question? So the Gemara says, the Gemara says like this: vayitach sameach, right? Kra yeteira hu, d'chsiv, ... says already. Says the sameach b'chagecha. So what's vayitach sameach? L'rabos. So wants to come to marbeh that there's halacha the last night, Yom Tov, gufei had korban, but the night after, you can always eat from the korban of the night of the day, that night. So what about the first night of Pesach, the first night of Yom Tov? You don't have a korban yet. ... says the Gemara, there's no mitzvah simchah. The night? There's no mitzvah simchah. It's peshat in the Gemara. Everybody turns to the Gemara. Slowly. In Brisk they gave a teretz, famous teretz from Brisker Rav, yeah? So this is the famous kasha. ... and he says maybe, ulai, ulai, says that min haTorah there's no mitzvah simchah by night, but midrabbanan there's a mitzvah simchah. That's what the ... wants to answer. That's what the Gemara says, there's no by night, says the ... Only kiddushin. What's kiddushin? Yeah, there's a halacha to drink wine. You don't need two. No, there's a mitzvah constantly to be b'simchah. What do you mean, every meal? Yeah, you should be b'simchah by day also. Okay, when you eat the korban you should drink wine. Oh, that's the kasha. Kashya b'lashon Yom Tov. Yeah, if you learn that it's not a... You're missing the point. Let me start again. I didn't see about— no, I didn't see about— let's check it. There's a chiyuv to eat b'simcha, and it means what you have to do. You have to eat the korban simcha. And with the korban simcha, you have to drink wine. Together with the meal, right? You had a meal, the korban, and you have to drink wine. Says the Gemara, but not by night. שואל השאגת אריה, because it's aser, there's no korban by night.

Well, you see, we look at it daily as the karban, telling the karban. That's the kasha. That's the shakla v'tarya kasha. How could you come and say there's no simchas Yom Tov night of Pesach? There is no simchas Yom Tov night of Pesach. It doesn't exist. That is the shakla v'tarya's kasha. So he wants to answer, but in the Torah there is, but mid'rabbanan there isn't. That's the teretz that he wants to give. I wrote it down for you. Mahu kushya, shakla v'tarya, Gemara Ayin Aleph. If you look in siman samech ches, he wants to say the kasha, no, no, no, kasha, shema mevor, the achalos l'mayet, later on to the rishon. It's from the first Gemara that there's no simchas Yom Tov by night. So how can the Rashbam say there is simchas Yom Tov? So mid'rabbanan there is. He wants to mid'rabbanan. Mid'rabbanan. We can convince him. We're going to come and say a different teretz. Huh? That's the kasha. That's the kiddush. It's simchas Yom Tov. You're saying something very good. So again, you're saying something very good. Keep this in mind, okay? So again, we have two kashas. Kasha number one: Tosfos says that ... that if you didn't drink daled kosos, you don't have the simchas Yom Tov. I drank the wine, what's the difference? That should be shayach in this sugya, we'll have to see. I mean, that's—you see the Rashbam sticks it into simchas Yom Tov. You see the Rashbam puts it into simchas Yom Tov. Huh? Okay, come, here, listen, you hear the kasha? Two kashas. The first kasha is a very pashut kasha. You read the Tosfos, it doesn't make—does that mean there's no words to Tosfos?