Hilchos Arba Minim: Checking a Lulav’s Teyomes—Nechlak, Nikta, and Yavesh

Transcript

Take out your Mishnah Berurah, it'll help you, okay? Okay. We did esrog. I don't mind revisiting esrog again before Yom Tov, and I don't mind, im yirtzeh Hashem, I don't mind to do it over Yom Tov. Well, don't worry, we'll do plenty of Shailas and tumul. We'll talk esrog a lot. Be'ezras Hashem, ... Now, let's do a little lulav, because I don't want to ... esrog, so we'll do, so to speak, hakdamah, to get ourselves acquainted with a little bit what a lulav is supposed to look like. And also, and a checklist. The same way by an esrog you made a checklist, we're going to make a checklist for the lulav. The first thing is, I can't begin if you don't know what a teyomes is. It's like starting without, without being, you know, even knowing the aleph-beis. A teyomes is the middle, the middle. Teyomes. It's the middle leaf. The shedra goes, and from the shedra leaves come, and the middle middle is called the teyomes. How do you identify teyomes? As I'll explain later, it's not that easy. It's a little complicated. It's not easy. It takes, you know, over the years you get to be able to understand what a teyomes is. I also want to point out, many times you pick up a lulav and you say, Ah, the teyomes is kosher. The teyomes is long gone. What happens is sometimes, I mean, if it's a closed lulav, there's nothing what to talk about. Obviously it's not gone. But with the open lulavim, they pull off leaves. To make kosher. And sometimes a guy went and he started ripping off the leaves from the inside. It doesn't have to be from the outside. You pick up such a lulav, a bit yaved, whatever. I'm not saying people are going to buy that l'chatchila. And they pick it up and they go, Hey, that's good. Look at the middle leaf is whole. That's not the middle leaf. It's been peeled quite some time already till it reached that leaf. And therefore, stam to pick up a lulav and say it's kosher is a little bit narish. It's a little bit not knowing the, you know, because moichrim, what they do is they just rip pieces from the... Now why would they do? Because the long ones, if they want long ones, they rip from the outside. If you want shorter pieces, you rip from the inside. So it's not always that just because you think there's a teyamis, that it is the teyamis. Just a word of caution. Hagam, like I said, the Yisroelim love, you buy it not, you know, second, third hand, you know, so therefore usually it's not a story. But if you get to buy the cheap lulavim and it was around and maybe it was over Yontif, it stayed by a moicher, you never know where the teyamis, if it's still there. Okay. So like I said, the teyamis is the middle. The two things that you have to check by the teyamis is kefulah and segurah, which means the teyamis must be a double, a double, as we'll explain later. Every leaf of a lulav is doubled. Those are leaves of a lulav. Now what is a lulav? A lulav is the branch of a palm tree, tamar. It's the branch of a palm tree. You're going to hear deri lulavim and then these lulavim, those lulavim. Rabosai, it's all commercial. It has nothing to do with halacha, meaning. The esrig, it's a shayla where it comes from, because we have to know if it's a murkav or not. The question of the cheskas kashrus of where it comes from is very important. The lulav, it's irrelevant. Lulavim could come from anywhere, anywhere, anywhere. Yericho was called Ir HaTmarim. It had special dates over there. Does that mean that its lulavim are nicer because of that? I don't know. Ir HaTmarim, maybe they had beautiful date trees. Doesn't mean that the lulavim are nicer. I don't know. I think Mitzrayim, there's Gemara in Pesachim, daf ... nun hei, I think maybe. There's a Gemara in Pesachim that in Bavel there's a lot of dates. Why? Because the talmidei chachamim have to learn, and dates make you feel good, you know, because you can take dates and you can make from it like a sweet, you know, a drink that makes a person feel—what do they call that? High. Gives them like a little bit of relaxing, like a beer. Sheichar tmarim. That's what the Gemara says, sheichar tmarim. So therefore, yashiv da'ato, therefore there's a lot of in Bavel. Mitzrayim has a lot—they, from Egypt, they have a lot of date trees. I think the Rishonim say there's seventy, there's seventy different types of date trees. You want to know why this is nogea? Not much. The only thing that's nogea is the kaneri, the kaneri lulav. So Reb Elyashiv in his psakim, the Alei Smanhagim says that—

The canary, he says, I don't know. But because we don't know, better not take it. You know, the canary, it's a certain date. It's the date tree, the date tree, and there's no dates, you know what I'm saying? It's called the canary dates, the lulav. So Rabbi Yashiv says that if someone sells you dairy, it's good. Canary, stay away from it, okay? Now what's dairy? Like I said, dairy—it's a canary, it's a brand, it's a type of... They're probably not going to sell it to you. There was a tumul in Eretz Yisrael to sell canary, the lulav. They were cheap. Does he have the canaries? He has them. He has a picture of it? Yeah, show them, I don't know. I should really get one of those pictures. Now the canary is different. The way it looks when it grows, it looks different. We should get a dairy. We should get a dairy. It's supposed to be the prettiest. It's supposed to be the most expensive, I think, no? The prettiest. That's why. So I'm explaining to you that the whole inyan of the dairy is just because it looks nicer. That's what I'm trying to bring out. What? Again, it's all technical. Bigger. It's not... I see you have something with the green maybe. Al kol panim, this is the nekudah. The nekudah is it's nice. It's more green. Less yafeh. If it's kosher, it's kosher. If it's mehudar... I mean, it depends what it looks like. What I meant to say was the inyan of the... because it's a shaila of murkav. Here it's just these happen to be prettier. That's all I'm trying to bring out. They're called dairy. Yesod aleph: a palm tree is a palm tree is a palm tree. That's all I'm trying to bring out. And dairy wasn't mechadesh new type of palm trees. What dairy is, it's a type... that's the guy who took care of it. It's called dairy. It's very pashut, okay? The kitzur. So this is the beautiful, okay. Now each lulav thing, each lulav, what do you call that, branch, not branch, aleh, leaf. Each aleh is doubled. That's the way it is. The teyomes must be that way, because if it's not, then it's chaser. There's something wrong with it. So the teyomes, you have to first identify the teyomes, and now I just want to tell you, do not rip open other people's lulavim to check if the teyomes, if it's closed, especially with that koreh it's called, which is, that's a type of covering, a brown scabbing, whatever you want to call it, you'll be moichel on the names. What do you call it? A bark, whatever. So you don't ruin it. Now, so that's a whole shaila. Brisker Rav adafka didn't take it, and the Sefardim hold that it's lehiddur. It's beautiful. So Reb Elyashiv paskens, kedarka bakodesh, to gevaldige pesak, Reb Elyashiv. No idea. And you know what it is? It's me'id dekasma, Reb Elyashiv me'id dekasma. Paskens, you're not allowed to open up the lulavim that have it. Ah, Brisker Rav, because lemaaseh some people feel that it's better that it has it, and a lulav that has it people are going to pay for it. So by you opening it up, you're stealing from the moicher, you're a mazik. So says the ... all your tzidkus, you're going to be mazik, and by the way, that's why you have to be ... I mean, you're ruining people's lulavim. Because the Brisker Rav, because they have to check. ... you know, maybe ... A Brisker rav held that you can't take with all this koreach, because you don't know what's really going on inside. Well, maybe. Maybe it's open. Right, right, right. So therefore you never know what's going on inside there. So you can see if it's open. That's right. Brisker rav said you got to take it off. You never know, that brown stuff, whatever it is. The brown stuff. You can't tell. If it's closed. Do people really take it off? What are you talking about? That's— You ever see the ones where it totally covers? How do you know if it's split or not? Not even if it totally covers. So a lot— most of the time— It's called a tzebrente. Point. Tzebrente is a different thing. It has a business, a tzebrente, something else. That's a kula that it's— That's a kula. That's a kula of the Chazon Ish. I went to a chashuve person, a big chashuve guy in Yerushalayim, and please אל תגיד, and he tells me, I— I spent two hours, finally got a lulav, and I had that brown thing. He says, Oh, Brisker rav, it's a tzebrente. So he told me. Brisker rav held you can't use it. What's tzebrente mean? Tzebrente usually means that it's burnt. I don't know what he wants, but okay, it's just because— No, he's mixed up. No, I'm just saying, maybe it's an expression, I don't know. Tzebrente usually means burnt. Burnt is from the sun. Sun, Chazon Ish held that's darka, it's normal. Black on top. It's normal. It was meant— it was meant to be.

Be that way, they give birth from the sun, so there's no problem because kol derech kidu. Okay. Tzapponim, getting back to our checklist. The first thing on the checklist is tiyomis, because that's the very important part of the sukkah. These are psulim checklists. What do you do? You have a hard time to find? Really? Over the years, over the years, over the years. No, I brought out a different point. I was trying to bring out that people rip it away. You never know where it is. Yeah, you never know where the tiyomis is. You know, you look, I think you look enough love, you should be able to. Al kol panim, the tiyomis, chabaisai. The first thing you have to check is for kefula. What is kefula? All leaves are doubled. You got to make sure it's doubled. We're going to discuss how much doubled and different psakim slowly. The next thing you have to check to make sure is that it's segurah, that it's closed. Because sometimes it might be that it's doubled, the leaves are there, it's open. So the first thing is to check there's a double leaf, and the second thing to check is that it's closed. The next thing you have to check is the top of the tiyomis, that it has to be בלי פגם, that there's nothing missing. Two things would go under that category. One is yavesh, and the other one would be kafuf, if it's bent, if it's bent. We're going to discuss those two halachas, as well as the first two halachas in great length. The next thing you have to make sure that your lulav has a shiur lengthwise. Lechatchila it should be daled tefachim, that's the Gemara, shlosha, and the fourth one k'dei לנענע. B'di'eved, if it's three, it's also good, three tefachim. What are tefachim? Chazon Ish, R' Moshe, everybody has different shitos. We'll get into the details of it, I guess, later on. If you have long hadassim, you have to make sure that you have a longer lulav. Now let's take a look, Shulchan Aruch. Shulchan Aruch, siman taf reish nun, se'if beis. Go ahead, read. Okay, we'll see, we'll see, we'll see. That then, it's no problem. Also, doubling of a single leaf, or it has to be two doubled? We'll discuss that. That's called the double tefach; that's another... We'll discuss. Normally a tefach is one. The one middle that's doubled. Go ahead, read. How much? Taf reish nun, se'if beis. You can have longer... you can have longer lo adasim, a longer lulav, because it needs to go over the hadassim at least a tefach, okay? So when a person says four, slow down. It's not four. It depends how much hadassim you're getting, no? You ever see people, some of them have long... So people don't know this. They tell you the shiur, they don't know that it's all relevant, relevant to your hadassim, okay? What's the lashon, hadassim? Probably both. What's the lashon of the Shulchan Aruch? Let's see, let me hear what's the... It says the shidra has to be... That's what he really means. Shidra, that's what it means, because the... that's hard. Yeah, that's what I also heard. The shidra is as far down. Uh-huh. You mean the whole shidra? Shidra, not the whole... It says the tefach of the shidra? Yeah, tefach of the shidra, because you're saying, because you don't mean the top leaves, you would mean the shidra itself. Okay, I never was oimed on this. Okay, so... okay, okay, you're right. I'll look into it again, I'll look into it again. Yeah, that's the diyuk they're making, that it's the shidra. Yeah. Lemaalah doesn't count. Okay, so it's the shidra. Okay, so the Mishnah Berurah says it קל. Oh, in aleph. Okay. Now, lo yetzuyer, your ala, your teyamis is not doubled, but that's the way it was nivra, that's the way it was created. Is that still a problem? Is it something that rips off is a problem when you take off the kaful, the other doubles? Or it's even if it was created? The Rama in siman tav reish mem hei, se'if gimel, says that even if it was created that way, it's no good. Okay, go ahead, read.

Yeah, go ahead. Who wants to read? Pas. So if it's not kaful mitchilas briyaso, right, then it's pasul. Now I want to tell you there's an interesting Shaarei Teshuva, seif katan hei. You know, I always come up with these little things that bother people, and it's only pasul for the first day. It's not pasul for the rest of the days. You maskim? Where is it? Where is the ramo? It's not my chiddush. You know what? First let's say it's my chiddush. You maskim? You can scream if you don't like it. If a lulav does not have a double, a kaful, kasher or not kasher? Chaser, it's not shalem. Of course, what am I saying? Okay, so let's take a look at Shaarei Teshuva, seif katan hei, with Taf reish mem hei. Look at the Shaarei Teshuva, who's quoting Zera Emes. And I'll tell you, the Emes is actually a Bikurei Yaakov, and that's the first time I saw it was over there, and I said, Ah, gevaldik. I don't know why the Mishnah Berurah doesn't bring it. Nu, lein. Yeah, go ahead, seif katan gimel. Yeah, no Shaarei Teshuva? No? Whatever, go ahead. Machzi bracha, machzi bracha, machzi bracha b'shem Zera Emes. Yeah? ... one leaf ... What are you gonna say? It's my chiddush? You're gonna tell everybody in the ...? Everyone can say it's good. I'm not saying nothing. I didn't say anything. What did he say? What did he just say? Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. He skipped this, I don't know. Oh, Beis Yosef. No. Beis Yosef. No? Come on, unbelievable, huh? It's a ... It's right out of the ... Keep this as a rav. If a rav needs to keep this in his pocket. A guy comes to shul and he bought a lulav and esrog, and it said it's not ... l'maaseh. He can look around the teshuvos for him and see that there's ways around everything. No? Or you say the Shaarei Teshuva is wrong and he's not a yeshiva ... How would you say it, huh? What? Shaarei Teshuva, huh? He brings the ... he brings the ... bracha. A lot of hilchos sukkah and esrog, it comes from ... bracha. Okay, I taught it to you. Can we move on? None of the ... I'm sure. Does your book bring this down? That's ... No ... They're afraid. They didn't want to touch the Shaarei Teshuva like this. Go ahead. No, no. Look it up, look it up. Tell me, tell me. I always wondered to myself, who has the amitus to bring down a chiddush like this? I don't know. Yeah, but maybe it's not ... I'm saying, we learn out because it has to be ... I understand, but that's for sure ... Yeah, whatever. But he's saying even the first two days. Yeah. Some ... psak, it's some ... shaychus. I doubt it. Nobody would. The sefer wouldn't sell if they wrote down the ... Okay, let's go. All right, it's on the page. The only thing is, l'maaseh, Mishnah Berurah doesn't bring it. I don't know. You know me, I have to say Mishnah Berurah is the ... and that's all. Okay. All right, so you know, you'll keep this in mind. You'll show the olam that when they start yelling and they start looking at the loop, they can sit there with the loop, show them the ... Yeah, yeah. And he tells me, he tells me, I hear, there's hader. You're not asking for more hader if you don't have a chaser. Yeah, but I asked him this kasha. I don't understand, but what's the hader? But the loop is not going to help you. My chaser? You're going to walk around showing everybody with the loop that it's not chaser. What are you going to have from it? Either it's pretty when you see it or it's not. Either it is or it isn't. What is the loop? By the way, you should know my esrog loop's good. You want to see? Come, take a look through the loop. If you require the loop, then have... Why don't you require the loop? There could be some people have better eyesight and they can see without the loop. That's not taiva. Okay, let's go. Okay. L'maaseh. Okay. What about if it's nechlak? So if you're telling me that it's mutar to have something that doesn't...

Have a double leaf. What happens if it splits? So that's no double leaf. Teretz is obviously must be worse, right? Tchilas briyasoi is obviously a lot better than what? Than nechlak. So therefore the only shaylah—nechlak is no good. What? No, this is that it's missing. It's missing. It's only one... But if let's say it's ripped open, so then it's no good, right? We're gonna learn the shiur. But let's say, let's say it doesn't have a double thing, right? So obviously if it doesn't have mitchilas briyasoi, it's a lot better than if it had and you broke it. That would pasul kol shehu. What? Okay, but whatever it is, but that's a psul. So is this. No, but we'll discuss it. My point I'm trying to bring out is that maybe you just never know what tchilas briyasoi is. Therefore that's why the Shaarei Teshuva is not נגד anything. How do you know how it came? You know, I'm taking on that we know how it came. So if you know how it came, you can declare good. So that's the answer. I'm just saying maybe the reason why it's not—let's see if you opened it up. It's open, it's no good. At a certain shiur it's no good. The shiur is usually tefach. The shiur for it to be open is tefach. It's called nistak, that it's cracked. Open, it's a tefach. So if let's say it's בכלל not there, but if it's not there it's always good, you just told me. But do you have it is kosher. Teretz is, but that's if it was born that way. And maybe you can— We just learned the Shaarei Teshuva. That's what we just learned from the Shaarei Teshuva. I mean the rest of the days. Even the first two days, b'di'eved it's kosher. We didn't— you have to read it. It's a heleke shtickel. Right. Okay. You have it? Okay. But you got to know it exists. The only thing is, okay, now, how much of the lulav has to be doubled over? Now I want you to know, you look, it's a very interesting shaila, and I'll tell you why. Sometimes it folds, but not completely. It folds halfway. Sometimes it folds and it doesn't go all the way up to the top. So how much of it is called a kaful and it's kosher? So the poskim bring down that if it's roiv, if it covers most, right, it's folded over most, then it's kosher. If it's folded over only a little bit, then it's not kosher. This in the halichos v'hanhagos, Reb Elyashiv, he brings this halacha down. But if it's most, if it's most, right, it's folding over. So sometimes it's completely folded over. Sometimes it doesn't fold completely. So if it's most, says Reb Elyashiv, it's kosher. It overlaps. It overlaps. But if it's only a miut, for example, it would fold over only a drop, then it's not kosher. There's a picture of this? No, I don't have a picture of this. How much it folds over. Do they have the different measurements of— That's not split, folding over. You see the kaful, the double. What's called double? This book doesn't have all pictures. There's thick ones of every— any Bikurei Yaakov, any— They have? They go through it all. Okay, so maybe, all right, if you have it, amen. Okay, but kitzur, so we have like this. So this is how Reb Elyashiv paskens, okay. What happens if it's lower, meaning it doesn't go all the way to the top? Very common. It's very common. Now, mistama, I mean it's called rive, no? So one second. What were we just talking about? It folds over completely in half, like a sandwich, but it doesn't cover the whole... Here, here's a very simple here. Very simple here. To where? Where's the top? It folded over mostly. Yeah, no, but the other way. The other way, it only folded over a little bit. No, no. The only thing I can't show you because I don't want to ruin my notes. Whatever, it didn't go all the way up. It folds over. If it goes over till here, right, this is the other case. So then it's rive, right? It has to be closed. It has to be closed over here. That's the... No, but it's closed over there. There it's closed. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. So Reb Elyashiv again paskens that it's all talui in how it's nireh l'einayim, which means if it's noticeable that it's not completely folded over properly, then it's no good. Then you shouldn't take it. That's the lashon. If it's so, sometimes you can't really tell that it's not two. You look at it, you think it's taka folded over and everything's fine. But sometimes it's very obvious that it doesn't go all the way to the top. When it's obvious that it doesn't go all the way to the top, so you...

Don't take it. This is better. Rabbi Yossi is not to take. It's a very common case, very, very common case. You know, it's again, it's all toli and hadar. It's just not pretty. It looks like it's not. Okay. Huh? Notice you shouldn't take it. Shouldn't take it. The only thing is, I was clarifying, the wording over there is not clear. Does he mean always, like even if it's completely folded in half, but it just doesn't go to the top? Or it's when it's roiv, because the wording there is mashma, let's say it's roiv and it doesn't go to the top. So maybe when it's roiv, it doesn't go to the top. All right. What is he talking about, when you're holding the lulav regular or when you're looking at the tefillin? You look at the tefillin. You open up your tefillin. It has to be a folded. The question is, sometimes it's not always folded. It's folded like we fold it closed in yeshiva. That's what it's folded like. That's what it looks like. Like we fold it, that's what it looks like, okay? That's the shaylah. So roiv, okay. Now, next thing you have to look at, right? Nechlak ha-teyomes. Rama, tof reish mem-hei, se'if gimel. That means that it split. So what's the... go ahead, Rama, go ahead. Nechlak ha-teyomes. Down for you, I did it already. I started. I didn't know her name. Yeah. Oh, so nechlak ha-teyomes is pasul, but till what? What's the lashon? The lashon is ad ha... ad ha-shidra. So it's interesting, here for some reason, in my notes I was medayek ad ha-shidra. I don't know why I didn't... I have it, ad ha-shidra, you see? I don't know. Here I stressed it, see? Ad ha-shidra. I know, but I'm saying for some reason over there, I didn't, with the entire, I don't remember that a shedra. Okay. Taf reish mem hei, se'if gimel: paisel ye'avel, tzrichin l'hadgish what? Ad ha-shedra. That when is it nechlak? Yeah? Nu? Rov, right? How much? Nu? Ad ha-shedra. Okay, so look at the Mishnah Berurah, se'if katan tezayin. Right, that's ad ha-shedra. Says the Mishnah Berurah, se'if katan tezayin: rov ha-tiyos. Some say it has to be completely. Some say, we say rubo k'kulo in pesul. Rubo k'kulo in pesul. What's the chiddush? Be a lamdan, nu. I have a table of great lamdanim here. Usually you would say rubo k'kulo, nu, to be meikel. Rubo k'kulo is, you don't need enough. If you have this, it's enough. To say rubo k'kulo to pasul, maybe not. So what's the teretz? So what's pshat in the Goyen taka? The Goyen taka learned rubo k'kulo is not a din. Rubo k'kulo is a metzius. Especially if it's ... so if it's right the way, it doesn't look good. Correct. Yemaskim? So say it over. I know you're very tired, that's why I want you to say it over. Because I feel very jealous. I'm the one that has to work hard, I'm exhausted, and you guys sitting here listening to this. Someone who gives a nice shiur. Right, say it over again. Say over pshat in the Goyen. Say it over. Say the two steps. The maamar says that it's pasul if the split reaches the shedra. So Mishnah Berurah brings that the Goyen learns that when it says reaches the shedra, since rubo k'kulo, as long as it goes right of the way. To the shed where that's enough to pass. So here we ask that we always usually see ruba k'kulei to be meikel, like you have rov of the shiur, then it's good enough, and here we're using it to passel. So he says because the Gaon holds that this is just a she'eilah of metzius, and the metzius is that if it's rov of the way down, then it doesn't look good. Metzius, ruba k'kulei. You know, sometimes by a minyan, can you say ruba k'kulei? Yeah, could you say ruba k'kulei by a minyan? Why not? Say, say I have seven, that's ruba k'kulei. Some say numbers, zach, there's different terutzim, but one teretz is this: ruba k'kulei is a heter. It's not a din where you need a metzius. Okay. Now, what happens if it's nechlak miyut then? If it's nechlak—what? If it's rov, it's pasul, so miyut then is kosher, right? The Rema says miyut is pasul. Yesh machmirin, nechlak... right, till tefach. Till tefach, that means? It says ad tefach. Means...

Tafach, right? Okay, so it means till tefach. So otherwise it's pasul, but it's yesh machmirin till tefach, okay. Even the normal is only mitzvah min hamuvchar; it doesn't really hold. So l'chatchila, mitzvah min hamuvchar to take it that's not nechlak a little bit, right? L'dina, he holds that it's only pasul. Okay, so let's say you're taking it. So Reb Elyashiv says a major chiddush. You know, just put glue there. He brings it down. From where? From where does he bring it? Dai in fish. Okay, so it's interesting. I'd rather don't remember if I spoke to you about it. I hold that when an esrog's pitam falls off, you should glue it back also. What's wrong? Why not? How does it help? Okay, so if you learn it's chaser, you can't change chaser by putting glue there. But if the rest of the days it's hadar, you glue it back and that's all, finished. No, no. Sometimes you put the glue there, it'll look even worse. Or I'll give you another chiddush. Or I'll give you another chiddush. This glue has nothing to do with that. The reason why they say the glue is— I know it should get worse. It should get worse. It should get worse. But I don't know. But I say, agav, I want to say I wrote that on the side, b'esrog gam kein chakarta, that you should put some glue, and if you don't want to do that, what's wrong if you take a needle, stick it through the— and then you put the pitam, you rejoin the pitam. Why are you laughing? I'll do it for you. You bring me any esrog that the pitam falls off, the second they come to me, I'll fix your esrog. I'll fix your esrog for you. One thing at a time. One thing at a time. Why am I saying beard? I spoke to you a little bit about this. There's nothing wrong with doing it. Why not? What's wrong? That's only in the lekicha. That's only in the lekicha, man. But you gotta fix something, why not? You put glue there. Sometimes you can stick something on and it will grow back on. But it will grow back on. Yeah, no, no. It won't graft that quickly, though. It grafts in seven days. But that's what you do. I hold that you should do it. But you think it's too controversial for you? What's chas? The what? You can't hurt. It's kosher second day, that's chas. So Mishaburah pasels it. No, so Mishaburah pasels al tzhadar. Mishaburah says that when the pitam falls off, it's pasul al tzhadar. You put it back, and that's all. Al tzhadar is b'etzem. It's not b'etzem hadar. What do you want? How it looks like. What's a game? People look at you asking, you know, they'll say, Wow, that's beautiful. That's gorgeous. Little do they know that it was stapled on the inside. It was glued on the inside. Vos iz shlecht? I have news for you. The whole world is like that. Everybody looks, Ah, give a kug vishein. Vehveis vos tut zich apinim. Okay. Yeah, that was ... there was the newspapers. You never seen this one with the newspaper? The old newspapers they used to have. Okay. Okay, now, when I'm looking at my tefillin and I want to see, and I see it split a little bit, a tefach is kosher. And if you glue it, then if you bought it, you bought it. It says you should put glue. You put glue. That's what you do. He says Rav Fisher. Who does he say it from? The who? The Marsham. Ah, it's a lot earlier than the ... The halichos, they bring it down that Rabbi Yosef said to glue it. And I always tell you that it should be glued also. Good, good, good. One second. So it's very hard to find a lulav that's totally closed, right? I don't think so. You could find. You could find. Completely closed. Okay. Now I want to tell you a big yesoid. People don't realize that when it's open, you got to really, really know your halachos good. You know why? Because hemek. People don't know. Hemek is that funny thing? No. The V. Oh, the V. Oh, that thing, oh. If it's up, it's kosher. If it's V, then it's pasul. Slow down. I don't know why you just said what you just said. That's what we always brought up. I know. You brought up—say wrong things. It's my fault that you were brought up that way. Hemek is not when it's like this. Hemek is when one is straight and the other one curves to the side. A hemek is if they're both like—if it comes like this and it's just open, I'll prove to you that's kosher. If it's a V, it's kosher. If they're both straight, then it's kosher. Does he bring this down? Yeah, good. Then now I might say, very good.

Okay, so could you read it for me? They say I made it up. Okay, go ahead. Let's say it's like a V. I like the sefer, by the way. I start to like it now. But to say that if it's a V, it's not a problem. It's only when one side's up. When it's straight, it's not a problem. It's when one turns to the— that's the psul, because it turns. You know more than a tefach? This is— I'll explain you what that is. Now I'll explain what that is. L'maaseh, the Shulchan Aruch says clearly that it's not supposed to be open more a lot. That's in Taf Reish Mem Hei, se'if zayin. Okay? רבי יואל, read Taf Reish Mem Hei, se'if zayin, where it says you're not allowed to be big. This is fine? As long as it's straight, it's fine. You don't like this. Correct. Could you read it for them? Could you read it? I'll tell you where everybody got this from. But he says as long as the two sides of the tefach are close together and continue to look like a single leaf, even if the split is clearly evident, it's not considered— Right. It's not this. Yeah, look at right here. It's not this. I'll tell you where everybody gets this from. Yeah. The picture on the Rosh is exactly like that. Right, so let me tell you what that's about. So no, so let me explain what that's all about. In Taf Reish Mem Hei, se'if zayin, it says it's not to be separated. Then the pshat is because it's a lot. When it's a lot, then it doesn't look like two leaves. That's one psul, that it doesn't look like two leaves. Then you have another psul, that it looks when it's bent aside. That's called a hefsek. Where is that from? That's from the Rishonim. He brings on the wine of the— He brings all the— that the wine, the wine is no good. Let me see, let me see what I mean, the wine. I also— One minute. The two parts of the teyomes leaf. You don't know about this? What? The olam's gonna get to know some. So what? That's interesting. One second. Kol 32 klutzk. You have a kol boker? Wow. Yeah. Who, you too? We're just the shluchim. Yeah, but I don't know if he meant hemnik. Does he mean hemnik? Yeah, he's talking about hemnik. Whatever it is, the whatever it is. Oh, you don't want to... Whatever. Just this... just this... No, whatever. He didn't have to. Whatever. See, that's this chayei hadam, you see? Generally, when the top is split, even if it separates only a little, it's considered hemnik. It can't mean that. Marsham disagrees. The Rishonim write that it's... Ah, the two parts were significant from each other. This is what—this is a Marsham. I didn't know it was a Marsham, but this is it. This is it. It has to be that it's—if it's just split, it's not a problem. If it's split in a way that it looks like one's not attached to the other, then it becomes a problem. But then there's two sugyas. One sugya is if it's too much, and one sugya is if even if it's a little to the side, it's also no good. That's what I'm telling you. For hemnik—no. If it's a vav, the problem is because it's too much space in between. If it's y, the problem could be even if it's not so much space. That's what I'm learning. I'm learning, I hold it's 100%. I spoke to many, many, many gedolim. Many. It's just like a... Y is what? V is no good when it's a lot of space. What does it mean, a lot? It looks like it's something doesn't look like it's attached. No, it's not like that, more like that. It's disattached. Y is no good when it's, even when it's less, because it's going on a different direction. Right. But it goes to the side. No, that was in the Pirush. The Rash is trying to hemdek; it's not necessarily what everybody... No, Rashi is saying what it is, that thing. What the thing is, like this, and then you stick a piece of parchment in the middle and scratch along. Yeah. And he has to show me pictures. I don't learn with pictures; I don't know what to tell you. The difference is when it's a big separation, the V is because it's separated, and the Y is no good because it's going off and attached. So what's the bottom line? When I'm looking for lulav, how much space do I have? If it's a lot, sometimes you see that. You want a big chiddush? It's a very big chiddush from the Marsham. Interesting. I don't know if he brings that.

Masham says that if I could put it down—he brings a masham—if you put it down and it closes by itself, then it's good enough. He brings from the masham. So the best is to get a fully covered, right? Of course the best is to get a beautiful lulav, but go pay for it. This is pasul? This is the worst. This is a shaylah of a pesul; it's still real. It's not pasul. It's not split all the way. This would be pasul? It's split רובו. It's kosher. This is a real problem. How big is a real problem? Split of a lulav is a mitzvah min hamuvchar. What do you mean, saying if it both goes up? Both. Where you're looking for it to be closed, so you want it to be totally closed, or at least out of tefach. That's a mitzvah min hamuvchar, that's it. And that's kosher the second day. Not even a mitzvah min hamuvchar. It just split. No, split means— I can't find it. There's a masham like this. Okay. Rabosai, let's move to the next. Next. Okay. Now. Now, rabosai, tricky. There's sometimes two tiyas. Sometimes there's two tiyas. What? Not often. But the Mishnah Berurah speaks about it. I have it. Maybe. The masham that if you put it down—from who? What's the name? Ibid is above what we just said, so I guess it's the masham. Okay. The word ibid just means l'maalah, עין למעלה. You can't. Some of you put together. Wasn't the shaylah? What, you could just go like this? I think he even says that, like when you shake it, it's able to come together. He brings the shaking part also. That's the two things he says: in case you shake it, it comes together, or you put it down, it comes together. Rasham. Okay. Shmuel doesn't bring it down. Okay. So sometimes you have two tiyamis. So let's see the Mishnah Berurah, Taf Reish Mem Hei, seif katan tez-vav, and the Shaar HaTziyun, seif katan tez-zayin. What happens if one is split and the other one is good? So they could always tell you that's the real tiyamis, right? So what does the Mishnah Berurah say? Still pasul, says the Chazon Ish, who told you? Efsher nisht. For the real tiyamis, please get up, zogt the Chazon Ish, the good one's the good one. What's the Mishnah Berurah learning? Mishnah Berurah is learning when there's two tiyamis, so the pshat is they're both tiyamis. Chazon Ish is learning when there's two tiyamis, it's a safek. So if one of them is no good, so the other one becomes the tiyamis. By the kolel. Which one? That's by Niktam. It's a famous kasha. Well, how can by Niktam and tiyamis? Okay, we'll talk about it. I think I leave it later on. We'll talk. Famous kasha. Niktam is worse. Niktam is worse. I'm saying better. Okay. Now, what is Niktam? What is Niktam? Okay, so we just learned tiyamis, right? Nechlak. What's Niktam? Niktam, Shulchan Aruch, Taf Reish Mem Hei, seif vav. Niktam is pasul. But what? Only the roish. Only the roish of the tiyamis. You see the lashon? Who's reading Taf Reish Mem Hei, seif vav? Okay. And the Rama says even if what? But that's more ... Okay. How much has to be niktam for it to be no good? So you look at the Mishnah Berurah, סעיף קטן חבב, even mashu. Yeah, bring us from the Levush. Who's reading? Even if it's ... Even if a little bit of it is niktam, a little bit of it's chopped off, it's already no good. What about by the rest of the olin if it's niktam? Not the middle one. The middle one is bemashu. But what about the rest of them? So this the Biur Halacha says it's not bemashu. It's a problem, but it won't be bemashu. Who's reading the Biur Halacha? Rabbi Yoel, go ahead. Who's ... Biur Halacha? ... So get to the point. Rabbi Yoel knows them all about peh. Go ahead.

R' Moshe, you want to know something? Listen to me. You see this young man? In 20 years from now, he'll be paskening shailos. You know why? Because he wants to know. I'm telling you, listen to me. Force yourself, I want to know. Every day, no matter what it is. I'm tired, I'm hungry, I'm thirsty, I'm in a good mood, I'm not in a good mood. It doesn't make a difference. You'll see, it's gonna come together. The Mishnah Berurah, the Shulchan Aruch. You gotta chazer it, and chazer it, and chazer it every day. You'll see, it comes together. Oh, you see, he's cutting me off short. Go ahead, yeah. Yeah, go ahead. Yeah, no. Yeah, no. Yeah, the big Biur Halacha, and he says that what? That by rov alin, what is it? No? Shaar HaTziyun's rov. It's not only a little bit, right? Mashu is only on the main one. You have it, R' Moshe, you read it then. Go ahead. Brackets. You have it, Reb Yoel, you have the brackets. Go ahead, read it. Right. But on the rest of the alin, what is it? Yeah, that's it. Shaar HaTziyun. Oh, so that's the yesod, that if it's the middle one, it's b'kalshu. If it's the shaar olin, then it's not b'kalshu. It has to be more, it has to be b'rei, it has to... Any one of the leaves is b'rei. It can't be a small piece niktam. Huh? Who? Yeah, but that's the Biur Halacha. You have to read the whole Biur Halacha. The Biur Halacha is saying this, that it's only by... okay. What happens if it's niktam tzad echad shel antiyochus? Only one side of the teiyomes, one side. So there's a Chazon Ish in kuf mem hei, se'if katan vav and se'if katan ches, that maybe it's not so bad, nitgefelach, that niktam is only a psul, possibly on the whole thing, but if it's only on one, it wouldn't be so bad. One side, you mean one of the double? Right. Does he bring it in the back? Chazon Ish. The Tosefos could be using the shitas haTosfos. Right, Chazon Ish, kuf mem hei, se'if katan vav, se'if katan ches. Now, what happens if niktam one of the teiyomes? Remember we learned nechlak one of the teiyomes, right, by a double. What happens if it's niktam one of the teiyomes? So the Mishnah Berurah brings down, se'if katan chav tes, efsher d'yesh lehakel. Which one? Not your kasha, huh? Before we said pasul. Told you I'll talk about it. Before we said by nechlak that it's pasul, and over here he says by niktam that it's what? Efsher. Now the truth is, if you looked up the Mekor, the Mekor is the Bikurei Yaakov. Does he quote the Bikurei Yaakov? The Bikurei Yaakov, derech ha'neerah says that it's taka kosher. For some reason the Mishnah Berurah wrote efsher. And you know why he wrote efsher? Because he wasn't sure. But he's safek by nechlak. A hundred percent. What's the efsher? He's quoting a Bikkurei Yaakov, so why? Because he's saying the way he learned up the sugya, so then really it's a big chiddush, the chiluk between nechlak and nistak. So you have to say maybe it is different, maybe. So that's the efsher, okay? So what it is, we'll talk, but that's the efsher. You didn't pick up on the efsher. Say, b'maida, you picked up on the efsher? They got it, did. All right. All right. By what? By nechlak or nistak? I'm telling you. He's not very happy with it. So what is it? Because he's not happy because by nechlak he said that you need both tiyanim. So why by nistak don't you need both? Because you could just cut it off. Efsher. Efsher. You like it. Reb Yeli, you with me? You with me too? You see the efsher, the efsher.

I told you we'll talk about it. I zoomed in on that efsher years ago. I didn't have why efsher. You're quoting a Birkei Yankev, so say it, say it as is. Years ago, yeah. No, this is from years ago. This is time. This is mamash. I didn't even prepare for tonight. This is just my question. Years ago, tired. Ah, chaneisha. You have no idea how gevaldige leining is. What? Why not? We're normal people. Of course we start on time. Oh, you talking ma'ariv? What are you talking about? Yeah, of course we start. Gedaylei Teirah. Okay. The kitza, let's see weiter. What happens sometimes on top of the lulav, there's a koitz, there's like a thorn. There's a thorn on top of the lulav. What's that all about? Okay, so there's a very interesting Chazon Ish. Avad the yesod. What are you talking about? It's like a thorny piece. It's not part of the grass. It's like a woody thing. A koitz. It's sharp on top. It's sharp, that sharp thing on top. It has like a—of course you saw. Yeah, it's just very sharp, and that piece is not green. It's like a brownish. It's reddish. It's a brown. It's a koitz. So the Chazon Ish holds that if it gets chopped off, it's no problem. It's not part of the—yeah, it's not part of the lulav. It's like that little—yeah, it's like a koitz. To me it was a peleh, a peleh. Reb Elyashiv, he says that it's part of the lulav. I can't believe Reb Elyashiv argued with the Chazon Ish. I gotta get down to the bottom of every yesod. I'm gonna get down to the bottom of it. I don't know, I have to get down. Isn't that what they're always worried about, chaser? No, that's chaser was on the leaf. He's saying a chiddush that sometimes it has like a stem on the top. Dafka that lulav, that's the one they're always worried about chaser on, because it's always very hard to tell. The little koytz, it's very easy to crack. Yes, it cracks off, taka. When it cracks off, it's a shaylah what it is. He's saying that that koytz is a problem. You have that fearfully yashan could be on the way when they were bringing it, it cracked off, so it could be pasul and nobody would ever know that it was up there. That's a gevart. You know, something that's a gevart. You hear, he's saying a gevaldige vort. How do you have any... I don't know. I don't know the answer to that question. Maybe, how do they tell? How do they tell that it's... Your brothers, can you bring extra stuff here? Bring. Yeah, we have... I have... We'll go through tomorrow. We'll have... You come tomorrow with the lulav. The old, the pasul ones, the ones you can't sell. Oh, the pasul, yeah. Say whatever you can't sell, tell them to bring. We want to see the psul. Yeah, that's right. And tell your brother we'll make them all kosher. He can go sell them. Yeah, good. We'll sell them, blue them all back and sell them. Okay. Is niktam kosher? Is niktam kosher the rest of the days? What's the halacha by niktam the rest of the days? Only the first days, only the first days. So the olam should know that the lulav is kosher the last days. Okay. Day one. What? Not Yom Tov Sheini, right? How do we pasken? By Yom Tov Sheini the eved's kosher, all the chasos, right? Nu, Reb Leizer, you said it three, four times already. Read it for him, no? That the second day, Yom Tov Sheini, the eved's kosher. So could you read it for him? You should be machmir. Could you read it? Could you read it for the olam? Go ahead, read it, read it. Okay. Then, that even, even chaser, yeah? Nikdam is no different than chaser. Chaser is kosher; the rest are treif. It's amazing how Yidden, for one day, and this year it's totally not nogeia, totally not nogeia. Second day, no? It's mutar, no, that's it. Why do you say it's totally not nogeia? There's shitos that hold you have to be machmir on the second day. When I read the sefer, but yotzei. Okay, next. What's called yavesh? So now we have to discuss yavesh. What's called a yavesh? So let's see, Mishnah Berurah, se'if katan chaf-beis, b'shem the Ra'avad. And then you'll see the gadlus of the Chazon Ish. Every time I read this Chazon Ish, inside my heart says, Only I was zoche. If only I was zoche. If only I was zoche to see the Chazon Ish. I wish, I wish I could see the Chazon Ish. How can I see the Chazon Ish? Yeah, what's called yavesh? No, there's here and there. It's okay, it's fine. I'd rather read the Chazon Ish. It's beautiful. So what's called yavesh? If it became what?

And even if it's just the teumah, just the middle one, right, it's called a yavish. Yes, it's pasul. So the minute it turns white, the teumah, the top, no good. Who says this? The Raivid. Comes along the Chazon Ish and says, Mishnah Berurah, you pashut didn't learn the Raivid right. Made a mistake. He says he holds it made a mistake in reading the Raivid. But the Raivid is not saying a chumra. The Raivid is saying it's a kula. If the whole thing is yavish and the teumah is not, then it's kosher. For it to be yavish pasul, it needs the teumah also to be yavish. If the whole lulav is yavish and the teumah is not, then it wouldn't be... These meikel. It's a very, the Chazon Ish. I'm sure they bring it in the back. So read the star and read the Raivid inside. It's peledik, the Chazon Ish. He paskens the Mishnah Berurah pashut didn't read the Raivid right. It's very scary, the Chazon Ish. Where's this Raivid? It's in Sukkah, no? Go ahead, no? Read, go ahead, read, no? Das is a peledik Chazon Ish. It says that the Mishnah Berurah pashut made a mistake in the Raivid. Kosher. It's taka kosher. What does the Raivid mean? The Raivid means the other way around, that if all of it is yavish... Pele, pele. Okay. So it comes out that according to the Chazon Ish, if your teumah is dry, it's mutar, mutar, mutar. It's kosher. It's a kosher esrog, a kosher lulav. Okay. What happens if it's yavish? Yeah, but it's not yavish. Even the tiyom is just a dot of it is yavish. So most of the tiyom is not yavish, and a dot is yavish. What would you tain, Rabbi? No, but most of it's good. We say it's good enough. So the Gaon says a meidi kesach. The Gaon says just like the chitim, there's halacha that it's even pasul with a drop, so too yavish is pasul even with a drop. Why? I can't. I'm showing you the distance. Either you hold that yavish is kosher by the tiyom, which is the chazon ish, when the whole thing is yavish, or you go the other extreme of the Gra, that even a dot of yavish on the tiyom is no good. I don't... mechilah is nothing. I don't... mechilah, you ask me Yom Kippur, I don't know, what do you want from me? That's a Gra. What do you want? Okay. Shaylah only is the Mishnah Berurah doesn't bring this Gaon, so I don't know. So maybe we don't pasken like this. Maybe we don't have to be machmir like this Gaon. Mishnah Berurah doesn't bring it, so maybe we don't have to be machmir like it. Basically, shaylah. Now, let's see, it's almost time to go. Let's see if we... Let me live. Oh, the guy said they're kosher? Yeah, right away after he returned it, he says he wants me to... They're kosher? Who is it, the guy from Shabbos? Schneider, yeah. He doesn't have pasul ones? He told me one of them he's not sure. He thinks it's worth a lot of money. Why is he giving it to you? Because he's a tzaddik. What do you want from him? Okay, yavish. What happens if... If the yavesh, according to the Chazon Ish, is so yavesh that it could crack, but l'maaseh it's only the teiomes. So here the Chazon Ish comes with a chumrah. You didn't think the Chazon Ish should only be meikel, yeah? The teiomes is good. The teiomes is good. Let's say the teiomes is such a teiomes that it's yavesh, that it'll crack. It's already like a crumb. It's already like it's cracked. So it's meileh has din of nikta, and nikta is no good on the teiomes. The yavesh is good, but it depends how yavesh. So, rabosai, you really got to be a big dayan to pasken over this. Yavesh really is good? He's saying, yavesh and teiomes is good, but if it's that yavesh that it'll crack off, so then you have halacha of nikta, and nikta is already no good. Nikta is no good. It'll crack by itself? Oh, you mean table has some sort of yavesh. You see? Yeah, yeah. Crack when you, like, touch it. If I touch it, it'll crack. So that's how Tosafos learns what yavesh is. That's right. So can he say that's not yavesh, that's nikta? That's called nikta. According to the raya that argues at all, that he holds that that's real nikta. Halacha of nikta. Now, nisraf mehashemesh. What happens if the other one wants to go? You want to go another minute maybe?

That, that must go, right? I can't. What? Oh, you want to see the side. Should stop with this? Okay, we'll do it tomorrow then. Huh? Okay, yeah, tomorrow. Let's do this right now. What?